By Logan Marie Glitterbomb. Original article: Taxation is Theft: An Anarchist Guide to Taxation, published on April 23rd, 2024. Translated into Chinese by Phoenix. “向富人征税”（“Tax the rich”）是左翼中耳熟能详的口号，由于“左翼团结”，甚至许多自诩无政府主义者的人也附和了这一说法。另一方面，“税收即盗窃”（“Taxation is theft”） 这一口号，尽管更契合无政府主义理念，却因其与右翼自由意志主义者的关联，使得许多无政府主义者不愿重复。既然税收是军事警察国家的主要资金来源，而留给一个微乎其微的福利施舍体系的不过是些许残羹冷炙，无政府主义者又为何要支持为这个体系输送更多资金呢——无论最终由谁买单。 当你进一步追问所谓的“向富人征税”究竟意味着什么，事情便显得更加可疑。通常，这种主张主要通过两种方式实现：所得税和企业税。一方面，负所得税（negative income tax）长期受到右翼和左翼自由意志主义者的推崇，被视为一种为（非全民）基本收入制度提供资金的潜在途径。另一方面，所得税——即使是累进的——也存在直接掠夺个人劳动成果的问题，而对于一个经过资产审查而非全民覆盖的基本收入制度而言，这种做法似乎并不明智。没错，大多数富人自己并不劳动，而是攫取被剥削者的劳动成果；但让政府掠夺更多，只会让问题变得更糟，而不是在解决它。 至于对企业征税，企业本身并不承担这些税款。相反，它们通过提高物价将税负转嫁给消费者，这意味着这类税收对工人阶级的打击最为沉重。又或者，它们会迁往税收更低的地区，并带走就业岗位，这就是所谓的“资本外逃”；失业的加剧，结果依然是工人阶级首当其冲。 薪资税（payroll tax）与所得税一样饱受诟病，但对工人的伤害甚至更加直接。所得税的征税范围覆盖各种收入来源，而并非所有收入都直接来自劳动；而薪资税本质上与个人雇佣关系捆绑，因此会直接压低工人的实际工资，且往往还被拿去为那些大多数工人永远不会直接受益的项目买单。 销售税天然具有累退性，因为一个人越贫穷，用于消费而非储蓄的收入比例就越高，这意味着低收入人群因销售税扣除的收入比例远高于富人。许多右翼人士似乎对这种负面影响漠不关心，他们积极鼓吹“单一税”（Flat Tax），即废除国税局（IRS）及所有其他税种，取而代之的是单一的销售税。虽然这种方案废除了国税局并取消了所有其他税种是一个积极面，而且通过阿戈拉主义的（Agorist）的方式，销售税或许也比其他税种更容易规避。但在现阶段，我们无法仅靠阿戈拉主义经济模式生存，因此每当政府提高税率、物价上涨而收入未能同步提高时，我们依然会感受到其带来的冲击。 近几十年来主流讨论中，出现过一个较为激进的税收提案——“公平税”（Fair Tax）。该方案得到前总统候选人加里·约翰逊（Gary Johnson）等自由意志党成员以及“茶党”运动中许多人的支持，“公平税”主张废除国税局，转而采用单一销售税并结合全民基本收入（UBI）计划。虽然销售税由于穷人最终消费其净收入的较大比例而成为一种累退税，但若将其与设定在贫困线水平的 UBI 相结合，它实际上就成为了一项累进税方案。虽然穷人可能会预先支付更多税款，但那些低于贫困线的人通过其 UBI 支票收回的资金将超过他们所缴纳的税款，这意味着他们实际上承担了零税负，并且能从 UBI 中获得了足够的额外收入以维持在贫困线以上。这可以被视为向更公正的税收制度的一份尚可接受的过渡方案。 资本利得税是对出售股票、债券、贵金属、房地产以及其他价值超过一定额度的资产时所产生的利润所征收的税。虽然这类在高收入家庭中负担更重，因为他们更有可能持有能产生应税收益的资产；但他们也更有能力延期或规避税负，因为只有在资产出售时才会触发纳税义务。而且当富人把资产卖给穷人时，还能通过将税负直接计入价格，从而转嫁给低收入纳税人。资本利得税同样降低了低收入人群进行投资的自身承受能力，使他们更难摆脱贫困陷阱。 股息税是对企业向股东支付的股息所征收的税。这类税经常受到批评，因为在许多司法管辖区，股息收入还会作为所得税体系下的“非劳动收入”被再次征税，进而导致双重征税。 根据卡托研究所（Cato Institute）的观点： 首先，高额股息税加剧了所得税法规对储蓄和投资的普遍偏见。其次，高额股息税导致企业过度依赖债务融资，而非股权融资。高负债企业在经济低迷时期更容易陷入破产。第三，高额的股息税会削弱企业发放股息的积极性，转而倾向于保留收益。这可能导致企业高管投资于浪费或无利可图的项目。 此类税收不仅会抑制投资，还会抑制了企业将投资回报分配给股东，从而使普通人的投资变得更加困难。 从托宾税（Tobin Tax）到罗宾汉税（Robin…

Por Trevor Hauge. Artigo original: Property is Violence, So Let’s Keep It to a Minimum, 25 de setembro 2025. Traduzido para o português por Samuel N. Marques. O monopólio da terra, cujos efeitos maléficos do qual são percebidos principalmente em países agrários como a Irlanda. Esse monopólio consiste na proteção do governo de títulos de…

By Logan Marie Glitterbomb. Original: Taxation is Theft:An Anarchist Guide to Taxation, published on April 23, 2024. Translated into Burmese by Hein Htet Kyaw. လက်ဝဲဝါဒီတော်တော်များများသည် “လူချမ်းသာများကို အခွန်ကောက်ပါ” ဟု ကြွေးကြော်လေ့ရှိကြပြီး လက်ဝဲစည်းလုံးညီညွတ်မှု၏ အကျိုးရလဒ်အဖြစ် အချို့သော မင်းမဲ့ဝါဒီတို့ကပင်လျှင် ပြောဆိုလာကြသည်။ တစ်ဖက်တွင်လည်း “အခွန်အတုတ်သည် ခိုးမှု ” ဟူသော ဆောင်ပုဒ်သည် မင်းမဲ့ဝါဒီအခြေခံမူများနှင့် ပိုမိုကိုက်ညီသည်။ သို့ရာတွင် မင်းမဲ့ဝါဒီများစွာမှာ ၎င်း “ဆောင်ပုဒ်” အား လက်ယာလစ်ဘာတေးရီးယန်း (မူရင်းလစ်ဘရယ်) ဝါဒနှင့် ဆက်စပ်နေသောကြောင့် ရှောင်ရှားကြသည်။ အခွန်ငွေအများစုသည် စစ်တပ်နှင့် ရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့အတွက်…

Por Trevor Hauge. Artículo original: Property is Violence, So Let’s Keep It to a Minimum, 25 de Septiembre, 2023. Traducido por Felix Hallowkollekt. “El monopolio de la tierra… consiste en la imposición por el gobierno de títulos de propiedad que no se basan en la ocupación y el cultivo personales… el individuo ya no debe…

Por Logan Marie Glitterbomb. Artigo original: Taxation is Theft: An Anarchist Guide to Taxation, de 01/09/2024. Traduzido em português por Estefano E. “Taxem os ricos” é um bordão muito comum na esquerda que, graças a sua união, ecoou até mesmo entre vários auto-proclamados anarquistas. “Imposto é roubo”, por outro lado, é um slogan que vários…

Oleh: Kevin Carson. Teks aslinya berjudul “Book Review: It’s OK To Be Angry About Capitalism.” DIterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Ameyuri Ringo. Bernie Sanders. It’s OK to Be Angry About Capitalism. With John Nichols (New York: Crown, 2023). Buku Sanders berfokus pada dua masalah yang harus dihadapi rakyat Amerika. Dia menyatakannya di awal sekali….

Oleh: Logan Marie Glitterbomb | @MakhnoTits, Teks aslinya berjudul Taxation is Theft: An Anarchist Guide to Taxation, diterjemahkan oleh Sachadru. “Kenakan pajak pada orang kaya” adalah seruan yang sering terdengar dari kaum kiri, yang berkat persatuan kiri, bahkan telah diulangi oleh banyak orang yang mengaku sebagai anarkis. Di sisi lain, “Pajak adalah pencurian” adalah slogan yang banyak…

“Tax the rich” is an all too common refrain on the left which, thanks to left unity, has even been echoed by many self-proclaimed anarchists. “Taxation is theft” on the other hand is a slogan many anarchists are hesitant to repeat due to its association with right-libertarians despite it being far more consistent with anarchist…

Oleh: Trevor Hauge, Teks aslinya berjudul “Property is Violence, So Let’s Keep It to a Minimum”, diterjemahkan oleh Sachadru. “Monopoli tanah… terdiri dari penegakan oleh pemerintah atas hak-hak atas tanah yang tidak bertumpu pada penghunian dan penggarapan pribadi… individu tidak boleh lagi dilindungi oleh sesamanya dalam hal apa pun kecuali penghunian dan penggarapan tanah secara…

Di Trevor Hauge. Originale pubblicato il 25 settembre 2023 con il titolo Property is Violence, So Let’s Keep It to a Minimum. Traduzione italiana di Enrico Sanna. “Il monopolio della terra… non è che l’imposizione da parte dello stato di diritti di proprietà terriera che non si riferiscono a una occupazione o coltivazione della terra……

“The land monopoly… consists in the enforcement by government of land titles which do not rest upon personal occupancy and cultivation… the individual should no longer be protected by their fellows in anything but personal occupation and cultivation of land.” -Benjamin R. Tucker, “State Socialism and Anarchism” Ironically, the non-aggression principle as understood by much…

Sanders’ book centers on two tasks facing the American people. He states them at the outset. First: These Americans [the predominantly younger voters who supported Sanders’ candidacy] understand that proposals that tinker around the edges are an insufficient response to the enormous crises we face. For them, there is a rapidly growing recognition that this…

The Need For It Is. At Reason, J.D. Tuccille (“Worried About the Debt Fight? Make the Hard Spending Decisions That Politicians Won’t!”) restates a familiar refrain of the libertarian right: “it’s easy to forget that a statutory limit to federal borrowing isn’t the real issue; the real problem is that the federal government habitually spends…

De Charles Boyd. Artigo original: The Myth of the Libertarian Constitution, 30 de dezembro 2020. Traduzido para o português por Gabriel Serpa. A Constituição americana, como fora elaborada por seus criadores na Filadélfia, há muito é descrita como sendo uma garantia às liberdades individuais ante a repressão governamental. Muitos dos críticos de Donald Trump o…

The original Constitution, as designed by the framers in Philadelphia, has often been seen as guaranteeing individual freedom from government repression. Many of Donald Trump’s critics see him as undermining our nation’s foundational constitutional principles, and people and groups from Joe Biden to Black Lives Matter are often seen as trying to restore them. But…

Most Effective Altruists don’t look like anarchists. The latter have a (charmingly) grungy flavor, the aura of half-dazed rebels perennially stumbling their way out of Woodstock reunions. By contrast, Effective Altruists have the trappings of recent MIT and Tufts graduates, lanky tech nerds and philosophy majors with an incomprehensible infatuation with “Pi Day” and something…

For a few years now, Modern Money Theory, or MMT, has been the hottest buzzword in economics. The insights of MMT regarding our nation’s spending debate have been simultaneously misunderstood, disregarded, and celebrated. In this essay I will explain the central argument of MMT. I will explore why its conclusions are dangerous in the wrong…

The state depends on its cops to enforce private property. Without them present, the owners would have to hire private security to protect their property from seizure, and that is (due to economies of scale of which the state takes advantage) massively more expensive on the whole. So, one of the most effective ways to…

Di William Gillis. Originale pubblicato il 6 settembre 2018 con il titolo A Simple Reform. Traduzione di Enrico Sanna. Se il problema delle tasse è che sono una violenza, allora ogni riformismo fiscale coerentemente e consistentemente libertario come prima cosa dovrebbe diminuire il numero di persone derubate. Questo, ovviamente, significa eliminare completamente le tasse sui…

If the problem with taxation is the coercion, then surely the priority of any coherent and consistent libertarian reformism on taxes should be to minimize the number of people who are robbed at all. Of course this would mean entirely abolishing taxes on the poorest. By the non-aggression principle, a mugger drawing a gun on…