Media Appearances
Politics for People Who Hate Politics episode 2, with Lucy Steigerwald – Cory Massimino

A libertarian panel hosted by Lucy Steigerwald, where ranting is encouraged, and smashing the state is mandatory.

-Lucy Steigerwald: Columnist for VICE.com, Antiwar.com, Rare.us, and Editor in Chief of The Stag Blog; @lucystag

-Jayel Aheram: Writer, antiwar and libertarian activist, Marine and Iraq war veteran, kick-ass photographer; @aheram

-Joe Steigerwald: Publisher for The Stag Blog, technical dude; @steigerwaldino

-Michelle Montalvo: Perpetual intern, sci-fi enthusiast; @michelle7291

-Cory Massimino: Student, writer for DL Magazine, Students for Liberty Blog, Center for a Stateless Society; @CoryMassimino

Our cranky, liberty-loving panel discussed gun control, the drug war, (debated!) this VICE column about Mendocino County’s marijuana policy, sex offender registries, and spent way, way too much time talking about X-Men.

Stigmergy - C4SS Blog
“Charged as Adults” — Brad Schimel Edition

So, two 12-year-olds allegedly stab another 12-year old multiple times in an effort to call forth creepy fictional character “Slender Man.” Two things about that should be immediately obvious to sane adults: The two kids are kids, and the two kids are, in a word, crazy.

But an allegedly sane adult has chosen to charge them “as adults” and to resist attempts to treat them as what they obviously are.

Do you even have to ask why? If so, the answer is “because Waukeshau County Prosecutor Brad Schimel is running for the office of Wisconsin Attorney General.”

Yes, it’s horrifying that two 12-year-olds would stab a third 12-year-old. But it’s far more horrifying that a politician is able to sacrifice all three of those 12-year-olds on the altar of his political ambitions.

Books and Reviews, The Robert Anton Wilson Collection
Psychology for Anarchists

Robert Anton Wilson’s 203-page mindbender, Quantum Psychology: How Your Brain Software Programs You and Your World, is more than meets the eye. The subtitle suggests a self-help book, and it appears to be just that in many respects. But twenty pages in, one realizes that there is no labeling this one. It is a psychedelic mix of pop-science, psychology, philosophy and politics all rolled into one. And if that doesn’t sound crazy enough, the book comes with exercises at the end of each chapter to be performed as part of a group-read. Wilson tells the reader throughout the book that he or she will gain much more from it if the exercises are actually performed. One of Wilson’s fan sites – www.rawillumination.net – joins readers together to discuss the exercises in a chat forum and, surprisingly, most are completely appropriate for remote participation.

Quantum Psychology is divided into five sections. The sections begin with an analysis of how the brain actively filters information pulled from the external world, and Wilson’s attempt to get us to “step outside our minds” to acknowledge this subjective process. As the book moves on, physiological and psychological systems (the body’s hardware and software) are explored, and a detailed discussion of the intricate “feedback loop” connecting the two morphs into a discussion of how you can actually reprogram them. Much of the material is Wilson’s extension of Dr. Timothy Leary’s Eight-Circuit Model of Consciousness, which is a kind of trippy roadmap of the brain and all of its component parts.

As the reader works through each section, the connection between them becomes apparent. The common thread that runs throughout each section is this: Your brain perceives the world in ways that are unique to you, and many times, that perception is filtered, consciously or unconsciously, through an ideological lens. Wilson urges readers to attempt to view the world with the understanding that this lens exists, and that nobody else’s “reality-tunnel” is filtered through an identical lens. Much of the world’s conflict, Wilson says, stems from people disagreeing over whose perceived reality-tunnel is the correct one. Once one is aware of his or her own special gloss on the world, communication with others becomes more meaningful.

This seemingly simple lesson is one that anarchists and libertarians alike should be sympathetic to. In another of the author’s writings, he states that liberty is all about “not laying your trip on anyone else.” This is Wilson’s way of saying that imposing your own unique lens on someone else, no matter how benevolent or obviously correct doing so may seem, is bound to fail, since everyone is already equipped with their own imprinted lens. Trying to force yours over somebody else’s causes problems for both the imposer and the imposed upon, with neither understanding wherefrom the conflict arises.

One of the main targets which Wilson is continually critical of is Aristotelian certainty – the famous “A is A” view of the world. Wilson calls this “isness”, and asks readers to reformulate their thinking, writing, and speech so as to stop branding things with false-certitude.* For example, Wilson would counsel that instead of the statement, “the leaves on the tree are green,” a more appropriate statement would be, “from my point of view, the leaves on the tree appear green.” That may sound weird and unnecessarily pedantic, but Wilson extends the importance of such careful avoidance of “isness” to everyday interactions with others. Avoiding “isness” should not only help you avoid the debate with your wife over whether “the blinds are ‘really’ green or turquoise”, but may also help further dialogue between people who disagree whether “the fetus ‘is’ a person” or whether “al-Qaeda ‘is’ irrational because they claim Allah commanded them do it.” At the very least, avoiding “isness” can provide clarity in communication, and highlight the numerous assumptions and opinions that are generally presented as fact in most writing and conversation.

In a simple group exercise, Wilson instructs readers to pass around a rock, with each participant attempting to describe the essence of the rock. The inevitable outcome of the exercise is that no single participant will fully agree on what the rock “is.” To one participant, a small child, the rock might be described as heavy, while to the body-builder, it seems light. Any attempt to capture all that the rock “is” becomes an exercise in futility. Not only are each person’s statements relative, but each descriptor applied to the rock begs ten more underlying questions.

Applying “isness” to things also condemns them to an eternally unchanging state. For a long time, Wilson explains, scientists were baffled by the paradox of whether light “is a particle or a wave”. By simply removing “isness”, no paradox exists, as light can be both a particle and a wave, depending on the instrument used to view it. For those who think this semantic trickery only has value in the scientific community, please read the book. You will probably find yourself quite surprised.

The rock lesson, like many of the other exercises, is also designed to show the reader that “the map is not the territory.” In other words, whatever mental construct or “set” you have created to help you understand the rock will ultimately be different from someone else’s set, and especially different from the rock itself.

Wilson refers to his system in various places in the book as “model agnosticism”. Attempting to pigeonhole the world into any one rigid belief system (“B.S.”) or model must necessarily fail, as new information constantly updates and amends one’s perception of the world. Model agnosticism, one begins to feel, can be a healthy and informed way to approach life. At its most basic, model agnosticism can be viewed as constant skepticism.

Whatever one thinks of Wilson’s scientific credentials, Quantum Psychology is sure to be thought-provoking, maddening, at times mind-altering, and a great exercise in taking off one’s ideological blinders to attempt to see the world a bit more clearly and from the point of view of others. At the very least, the reader gets a nice lay-primer on some extremely complex scientific concepts. And for those who enjoy Wilson’s novels, Quantum Psychology provides a window into some of the more abstract ideas contained in them.

Disclaimer: This article contains a lot of the very “isness” that Wilson counsels against. Practicing the language of english-prime (or e-prime), which eliminates “isness”, appears to require a great deal of practice!

Feature Articles
It’s Not the Technology That Causes “Technological Unemployment”

Discussions of technological change in the media are generally coupled with discussions of technological unemployment and the increasing polarization of wealth. A good example is a piece by Eduardo Porter in the New York Times (“Tech Leaps, Job Losses and Rising Inequality,” April 15). Amid talk of all the technological wonders issuing from Silicon Valley, Porter observes that in recent years employers have seized on the falling cost of capital relative to labor that results from such improvements as an opportunity to substitute capital for labor. The effect has been growing technological unemployment and the capture of most economic growth in the form of exploding wealth for the already super-wealthy.

The phenomenon of capital cheapening relative to labor should raise an obvious question, but of course it does not because we have been conditioned to think of work as something we are given by the owning and employing classes in the form of “jobs” rather than something we do.

About eighty years ago Albert Nock remarked on how odd it was, considering all the vacant land held out of use and all the unemployed labor available to work it, that work was viewed as something given by the employer. Today, likewise, when we hear that workers are unemployed because employers use radically cheapening production tools as a substitute for labor, the question that should — but doesn’t — automatically come to mind is “If the tools are so cheap, why don’t we just use them to work for ourselves and let the employers eat their money?” After all the reason for the factory and wage systems in the first place was a technological shift from cheap, general-purpose craft tools that individual workers could afford to extremely expensive large-scale machinery that only the rich could afford to buy, and then hire others to work.

Now six months factory wages will buy a shop full of open-source tabletop CNC machine tools that can produce goods that once required a million-dollar factory. Since we’re experiencing a shift back to a high-tech version of cheap, general-purpose craft tools, why do we need the wage system at all? Why not work cooperatively and organize our own horizontal mechanisms for pooling risk, providing mutual aid and insuring against sickness and poverty?

The answer is that a whole host of institutional and legal mechanisms exist precisely to keep us from doing so.

The term “technological unemployment” is a wrongheaded way of framing the issue. When technological improvement results in less work to produce the same standard of living, that’s a good thing. That’s why we have a standard work week of forty hours in the U.S. today, as opposed to 70 or 80 as in the early days of the Industrial Revolution.

The problem is not that it takes fewer hours of work to produce what we consume, but that there’s not a proportional drop in the number of hours we have to work to pay for what we consume. And the ultimate source of that problem is not the technology, but who owns it; it’s the wrong people substituting labor for technology. Rather than workers substituting technology for our own labor in order to live better, what we have is those who own the technology and hire labor to work it substituting technology for the labor of those they pay wages.

An observation by Tyler Cowen in Porter’s article inadvertently gives this away.

…[H]e looks around the world to find the relatively scarce factors of production and finds two: natural resources, which are dwindling, and good ideas, which can reach larger markets than ever before.

If you possess one of those, then you will reap most of the rewards of growth. If you don’t, you will not.

Exactly. When we own all the benefits of increasing our efficiency, we celebrate anything that results in less work. A farmer who finds a way to grow just as much corn with half the labor, she doesn’t lament being “put out of work,” because all the benefits accrue to her.

On the other hand our maldistribution of wealth results from who currently owns both the natural resources and the ideas. But neoliberal economics treats that pattern of ownership as a fact of nature, and the laws of economics as a neutral means by which market-clearing prices are established under any circumstances regardless of the pattern of ownership. So to address the problem we have to look at the structure of the economy, not as something that just happened, but something with causes — and motives! — behind it.

Capitalism is not some universal phenomenon of nature governed by neutral rules. It had a beginning in history. And that beginning was far from spontaneous or inevitable. For example, the concentrated ownership of natural resources and arable land that Cowen talks about results from a process of violent robbery in late medieval and early modern times in Europe, and more recently in the colonial world. Before the Industrial Revolution most arable land of Britain had been enclosed by landed elites, and the peasantry transformed into a propertyless proletariat with no alternative but to sell their labor on whatever terms were offered by the owning classes. In settler societies like North America and Australia, states preempted ownership of land and then granted it to land barons who fenced it off and charged rents to those who would work it. The Enclosures were reenacted in the Third World in colonial and post-colonial times, with tens and hundreds of millions of peasants evicted from land that is now owned by local landed elites and used to grow cash crops for export.

The oil and mineral wealth of the world, likewise, was enclosed by colonial authorities and then doled it out to Western-owned extractive industries. The mineral wealth of southern Africa, for example, and the oil fields of Nigeria and Indonesia that are protected from the local population by death squads hired by Shell. Or the federal lands that passed directly into the government domain from France and Mexico, to which extractive industries like oil, mining, lumber and ranching now have preferential access.

Cowen’s other category, the “ownership” of ideas, is especially key to the corporate enclosure of technological progress as a source of rents. “Intellectual property” is the reason that a Windows or Office CD costs $200, as opposed to Open Office or Ubuntu for $5, and a pill that costs Pfizer a dime to produce costs you five bucks. It’s the reason most of the price of your consumer electronics and appliances comes from embedded rents on patents, rather than labor and material. Patents and trademarks play the same protectionist role for global corporations today that tariffs did for national corporations a century ago, only they operate at the boundaries between corporations and the rest of the world rather than the boundaries between nations. But just like patents, they restrict who has the right to sell what in a given market. It’s only because of “intellectual property” that Nike can outsource all its actual production to independently owned sweatshops for $5 a pair and charge a $200 Swoosh markup in Western retail chains: Nike has a legal monopoly on the right to decide who produces a certain kind of sneakers, and a legal monopoly on disposal of the product.

Both the absentee ownership of land and resources that were not acquired through direct labor, and the ownership of ideas, are examples of the same phenomenon: Artificial property rights. Franz Oppenheimer argued, in The State, that economic exploitation was possible only when all independent access to productive opportunities had been enclosed, so that employers no longer had to compete for labor with the possibility of self-employment. Having erected these toll gates, the propertied classes are able to charge tribute for access to the basic means of production and subsistence, and charge a monopoly markup on the necessities of life.

The natural outcome of a free and competitive market, when it comes to the fruits of technological progress, is communism. Competition causes the productivity and efficiency benefits of new technology to be socialized in the form of imploding consumer prices and shortened work weeks. Artificial property rights in ideas, on the other hand, enable corporations and plutocrats to enclose these benefits as a private source of rents. And artificial property rights in land and natural resources — like, for example, the Enclosures in Britain 250 years ago — close off competing opportunities for self-employment and comfortable subsistence and leave people with no alternative but to compete for the dwindling supply of jobs that is left.

So the question is not whether technological progress is beneficial, but who owns the benefit: A state-allied class of parasitic rentiers, or us?

Commentary
Alexander Shulgin’s Legacy

This week, the chemist Alexander Shulgin died. Hailed/demonized by the press as the “Godfather of ecstasy”, Shulgin was a pioneer in the science of mind altering substances and an outspoken drug advocate. From a distant enough perspective, Alexander Shulgin was just a chemist often under the employ of the federal government and chemical companies. His life was very much one spent inside labs, labs in all likelihood funded through nefarious means. The life, times and influence of Sasha (as his friends called him) can only be fully understood from an internal perspective, a perspective which cannot be imputed in anyway to the uninitiated except by anecdote. His life and research was one of deep internal experience and exploration, as he tried to hone the chemical effects of many of the world’s favorite psychedelic substances.

To understand the influence Shulgin had on the world completely, we must also dwell on the internal shifts he caused in others. With that said, allow me to indulge you in a drug story. Nearly 3 years ago, I was at a low emotional point in my life, perhaps the lowest. I was 22 and imagined that life had already dealt me the cards of introverted misery and resentment that I would carry until my grave. But, one night a young woman sent me a text asking if I would be interested in going to a small rave and experimenting with MDMA. At this point, I knew as much about Molly as your grandmother probably does. It was a goofy new speed which made people dance and hug each other. Hardly my scene, I thought. However, my friend was persistent, insisting that this would get me out of my rut of aggression and despair with the world around me. So I acquiesced.

What happened later that night will never lose its’ full and splendorous meaning to me. This fad party drug had somehow connected me to a room full of people I didn’t know at all or had little acquaintance with, but for perhaps the first moment of my life, I felt open. I felt unashamed. I felt loved. I felt free. If my subjective experience allowed for it, I might have wept for a decade wasted in depression and isolation, but no, I was not capable of regret. I was only capable of embracing this, of embracing my new found friends, who to me were no less than saviors in this moment. On that night, I came out as bisexual to a room full of people, something 5 years prior was literally unthinkable to me and had become more or less a part of me I didn’t feel was worth sharing. That night, it was worth sharing. I was worth sharing.

Alexander Shulgin made that experience, and many more like it, possible. His research liberated me. While the headlines today read that Shulgin as the godfather of “the party drug ecstasy”, Terrence McKenna first described him as the godfather of psychopharmocology. Rather than influencing party culture, which will inevitably take hold of powerful psychoactive chemicals, Shulgin was the first to synthesize MDMA as we know it today and to apply it as a therapeutic agent. Today, MDMA is openly used by psychiatrists in the treatment of PTSD, with often times miraculous results.

While most known for his MDMA research, Shulgin thrived within the realm of more traditionally psychedelic substances, especially phenylethylamines and tryptamines, gracing us with the presence of new powerful agents of self-discovery.

Throughout his research, Shulgin remained transparent and friendly with the government and law enforcement, even sharing his compounds with agents of the DEA and writing manuals for use in the classification of drugs.  However, like all researchers of illegal substances, Shulgin’s research was shut down by the DEA in 1994.  The federal government had had enough of Shulgin’s two sides, one side an obedient chemist and the other a writer of subversive, drug-promoting literature. The DEA declared his more personal writing to be nothing more than “cookbooks” for illegal substances.

Shulgin knew his research would remain mostly isolated for his lifetime. Despite the definitive proof that MDMA and other psychedelics contain within them the solution to many psychological ailments, the U.S government has done nothing to tighten its’ grip beyond allowing strict therapeutic and lab research. The only political victory he experienced was through his testimony to Spanish authorities which had it effectively rescheduled as a substance of minimal danger.

I will not allow this to be Shulgin’s final legacy. He has been nothing less than a personal liberator of thousands, perhaps millions of minds. The drug war and the iron fist of government generally is anathema to a world fully exposed to the influence of Shulgin’s life’s work. I am freer because of him and have made it my own life’s mission to liberate others, to free them from the psychological constraints the drug war keeps us all in. While remaining for much of his life an apparent friend of the State, Alexander “Sasha” Shulgin used his position to ultimately undermine the drug war and started many down a path of self-discovery and mental freedom which will ultimately undermine the brutalizing, regressive nature of government power.

Media Appearances
Politics for People Who Hate Politics, with Lucy Steigerwald – Cory Massimino

A libertarian panel hosted by Lucy Steigerwald, where ranting is encouraged, and smashing the state is mandatory.

-Lucy Steigerwald: Columnist for VICE.com, Antiwar.com, Rare.us, and Editor in Chief of The Stag Blog; @lucystag
-Joe Steigerwald: Publisher for The Stag Blog, technical dude; @steigerwaldino
-Michelle Montalvo: Perpetual intern, sci-fi enthusiast; @michelle7291
-Cory Massimino: Student, writer for DL Liberty, Students for Liberty Blog, Center for a Stateless Society; @CoryMassimino

Our cranky, liberty-loving panel discussed Glenn Greenwald’s latest leaks, the NSA, the 9/11 Museum, Chris Christie being a hack, and whether libertarians hate sports, even if they’re way better than politics.

Portuguese, Stateless Embassies
Sobre escravos e terras

O Senado, no último dia 27, aprovou a Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) conhecida como “PEC do trabalho escravo”, que já está em fase avançada de tramitação, faltando apenas sua promulgação pelo Congresso. O objetivo da PEC é ampliar as hipóteses de confisco de propriedade sem indenização no Brasil, passando a incluir propriedades em que haja exploração do trabalho escravo.

Após a alteração, o art. 243 da Constituição passa a ter a seguinte redação:

“As propriedades rurais e urbanas de qualquer região do país onde forem localizadas culturas ilegais de plantas psicotrópicas ou a exploração de trabalho escravo na forma da lei serão expropriadas e destinadas à reforma agrária e a programas de habitação popular, sem qualquer indenização ao proprietário e sem prejuízo de outras sanções previstas em lei, observado, no que couber, o disposto no art. 5º.”

Isso é bastante interessante do ponto de vista libertário. Primeiro, uma pessoa que escravize outras em suas terras pode ser justamente expropriada.

Para um libertário, uma terra sem dono é de quem a ocupou e trabalhou nela. Se você for obrigado a continuar a trabalhar em uma terra que já utilizava ou se for levado a um novo local e obrigado a trabalhar à força, o terreno é legitimamente seu, não do escravizador.

Mesmo que o escravocrata fosse legítimo proprietário anteriormente, ao violar seus direitos e lhe obrigar a usar a terra, os direitos dele à terra perdem a legitimidade. Portanto, a expropriação da terra do escravocrata em favor dos escravizados é uma medida justa.

Entretanto, há dois riscos significativos na aplicação desse princípio: 1) a expropriação não beneficia as vítimas, aumentando o controle do estado sobre o acesso à terra; 2) a definição de trabalho escravo é problemática.

É preocupante que a expropriação da terra no projeto não seja uma medida de reparação pela escravidão sofrida, mas sim uma política de desapropriação pelo interesse social em promover reforma agrária ou habitações populares. Mesmo que seja dada prioridade ao assentamento das pessoas que foram anteriormente escravizadas, isso não muda o fato de que, para a lei, isso é uma circunstância de política de terras, não de direito pessoal da vítima de um crime.

A principal repercussão prática disso seria na capacidade das vítimas de disporem sobre essas terras, uma vez que os assentamentos para reforma agrária ou habitações populares são organizados e regulamentados pelo governo.

A medida pode servir para reforçar o controle obsessivo do Estado brasileiro sobre o acesso à terra dos mais pobres, privilegiando o “interesse público” de uma categoria genérica de “pessoas que necessitam de reforma agrária ou de habitações populares”, não os interesses reais dos indivíduos que efetivamente foram vítimas e que deveriam ter direito pleno às terras nas quais foram escravizados.

Além disso, é o próprio controle do estado sobre o acesso à terra que tem criado pessoas que precisam da reforma agrária ou de habitações populares. A primeira coisa que o estado (português à época) fez ao ocupar o Brasil foi dividi-lo em capitanias hereditárias e criar o latifúndio. A grilagem só existiu na Amazônia devido à vulnerabilidade dos sistemas de registro imobiliário no campo, em grande medida voltados para “títulos artificiais de propriedades” (isto é, não apropriadas originalmente por uso e ocupação), o que, no auge, possibilitou que “Carlos Medeiros”, uma pessoa que nunca existiu, tivesse em seu nome 1,5% do território nacional, o equivalente à soma dos territórios de Portugal e Bélgica.

Enquanto isso, a falta de regularização da propriedade dos mais pobres, no campo ou na cidade – historicamente, de indígenas e quilombolas – contribuiu para manter esses grupos na pobreza e vulnerabilidade social.

A garantia constitucional de desapropriação com indenização é muito pouco, um sistema que se presta a manipulações graves, que serve a “um modelo de urbanização que expulsa os pobres dos centros urbanos e empurra o valor do trabalho ainda mais para baixo”, como a Copa escancarou.

Quanto à expropriação de terras sem indenização, desde 1988 até a aprovação desta PEC, só havia uma única hipótese: o cultivo de psicotrópicos. O governo quis desestimular a produção interna (protegendo assim o cartel de traficantes que controlam a importação de várias drogas ilícitas), para sustentar seu combate falido às drogas, que, além de ter tornado várias cidades do país campeãs mundiais em homicídio, ainda mata crianças deficientes por negar acesso até mesmo ao uso medicinal da maconha. Sua desobediência civil, com a produção de psicotrópicos que podem salvar crianças com doenças raras, pode fazer com que sua terra seja expropriada pelo governo sem indenização.

Em relação à nossa legislação, a definição de “trabalho escravo” não é igual à de “trabalho forçado”.  Nosso Código Penal criminaliza a “redução a condição análoga à de escravo”, que abarca: 1) sujeição a trabalho forçado; 2) servidão por dívidas (limitação da locomoção em razão de dívida); 3) jornada exaustiva; 4) condições degradantes de trabalho.

As duas primeiras hipóteses abarcadas em nosso Código Penal são válidas. Mas as duas últimas não são tão claras, uma vez que condições ruins de trabalho, mesmo que em algumas circunstâncias possam até derivar de “graves fraudes trabalhistas”, não são trabalho forçado.

A abertura do conceito de “condições análogas a de escravo” e seu preenchimento por meio de regulamentação do Ministério do Trabalho significa que é o governo federal quem tem o poder de definir as hipóteses. O descumprimento de determinados regulamentos trabalhistas estatais já seria o suficiente, independentemente de uma investigação sobre os costumes locais, a voluntariedade das avenças ou peculiaridades dos casos.

Essa insegurança jurídica inclusive motivou o acréscimo do “na forma da lei” no texto aprovado, de modo que a norma dependerá de regulamentação posterior sobre o que é “explorar trabalho escravo”.

Assim, ainda que possamos ficar contentes pelo fato de que um princípio genuinamente libertário ter sido incluído na Constituição, há preocupações legítimas quanto a sua aplicação, uma vez que, ao invés de tornar a expropriação uma reparação aos lesados pelo trabalho forçado, a transformou em uma política de redistribuição de terras sob controle do Estado.

Feed 44
Toward an Anarchy of Production on Feed 44

C4SS Feed 44 presents ‘s “Toward an Anarchy of Production, Pt. I” from the Students for a Stateless Society‘s Volume 1, Issue 1 of THE NEW LEVELLER read by Stephen Ledger and edited by Nick Ford.

When your source of food is either owned jointly by everyone or by no one in particular, difficult decisions must be made on its use. To prevent shortages, not everyone can always have as much as they want, and there must be a mechanism in place to keep enough for everyone. Given that social problems and oppressions can’t just be reduced to either the state or capitalism, such an arrangement is problematic.

In no small way, a communist society ties one’s ability to live — and one’s ability to live the kind of life they want — to their ability to maintain good social standing.

Feed 44:

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Feature Articles
Feminist Direct Action

Last week, SlutWalk took place all over Brazil. According to the São Paulo organizers, the event, occurring simultaneously in several cities in the country, aims to raise awareness about the fact that “women are not responsible for the violence they suffer; the survivor is never to blame — the aggressor is.”

We should remember that at the very core of the SlutWalk is the struggle against slutshaming, the practice of control of behavior based on systematic humiliation and intimidation of women that deviate from some standards of proper sexual conduct. The effect of that is a regulation of female sexuality even more rigorous than the male conduct, which normalizes gender inequality.

Coupled with that, there’s “rape culture:” cultural elements that, even from the point of view of “respectable” (non-criminal) society, normalize or relativize certain forms of rape and abuse of the (generally female) body. The result is that rape and abuse (physical and emotional) become tools of intimidation, punishment and, ultimately, correction of the female sexuality.

When we look at the whole picture, we can see the link between phenomena: slutshaming can and does serve as a springboard to the justification of abuse and rape. An example would be the labeling of certain women as “sluts” to then excuse or play down the violation of their intimacy and sexual dignity. After all, they had it coming because they were “asking for it,” and thus they are to blame. (See also this article, in which I criticize the conflation of statistical probability with female moralizing.)

The profoundly anti-libertarian character of that practice is obvious: it’s an attack against the sexual freedom and consenting arrangements between independent adults. Ultimately, it can end up denying women their right to consent to male advances if they in any way deviate from certain rules of behavior.

Brazilian culture has historically been marked by sexism. In 1927, individualist anarchist amd labor organizer Maria Lacerda de Moura, one of the feminist pioneers in Brazil, wrote the article “Seduzidas e desonradas” (“Seduced and Dishonored”) for O Combate newspaper, where she denounced the double standard for morality and slutshaming. She focused on the value attributed to virginity and marriage, and the harsh penalties incurred by the deviants:

“And poor that woman who forgets protocol.”

“If now she is not lapidated, if now she is not buried alive like vestals, if now she is not stoned to death, if now she is not subjected to the tortures of the fanatic mobs of yesteryear, she is now treated to suicide: she is compelled to abandon independent life, because literature, press, and everyone else point their fingers to her, calling her ‘bastard,’ ‘shameful,’ ‘dishonored,’ ‘dishonest,’ opening up to her the doors of cheap prostitution in the streets. The victim is surrounded by the trail of misery, syphilis, brothels, humiliations, hospitals, and the common gutter.”

“Wretched moral of colonels,* cowards, and cretins.”

In Maria Lacerda de Moura’s Brazil, pre-marriage virginity taboos still catalyzed sexist attitudes. In SlutWalk 2014’s Brazil, we have the spread of private pictures and videos, naked or having sex, via WhatsApp, quickly viralized and publicly exposed. It’s revenge porn, the “vengeance” of a former sex partner, that leaks private pictures and videos as if they were porn, often with explicit purpose of shaming the victim.

As in Maria Lacerda de Moura’s days, girls who were victim of this immoral and criminal dissemination are humilliated, intimidated, persecuted, and abused, unfolding a cycle of slutshaming. They are victims, but they are blamed and abuse is excused in their real life relationships or on the internet, something that can lead and has led to suicide. Times have changed, but that “wretched moral of colonels, cowards, and cretins” persists.

How can we change it? In the feminist tradition, direct action is extremely important in promoting bottom up social change, without resorting to the coercive state. Charles Johnson refers to solidarity and resistance forms employed by feminists historically to change social attitudes and promote help for women in need, such as “groups, speak-outs, culture-jamming, building grassroots networks of battered women’s shelters, rape crisis centers, and other feminist spaces” that originally had no connection to the government.

In this proud tradition of feminist direct action, updated to fight against the 21st century forms of slutshaming, we have six feminist 16-year old girls who created a prototype of application for smartphones named For You.

The idea is to support teenage girls who have had their pictures leaked on the internet. The app creates a safe haven where they can meet other victims and debate themes related to revenge porn (complete with educational tabs on legislation, manifestos on how it isn’t their fault, victims’ testimonies, etc.), and have ambassadors set up local support groups that fight the intimidation the victims might suffer. In a video, they explain how they want to use technology to raise awareness about online abuse and empower women.

“If they use apps to humilliate us, we fight back using apps to empower and organize ourselves,” says the motto of the group formed by Camila Ziron, Estela Machado, Hadassa Mussi, Larissa Rodrigues, and Letícia Santos. They are taking part in Technovation Challenge, a competition in which the winner group will take home $10,000 in financing and support for development.

Female liberation is being and will be achieved through education and the broadening of social cooperation networks. This brings us to a view of social feminist change focused on sociology, evolution, and micro-actions. That is also how freedom from the state will be reached. Is that a coincidence? Not at all, for female emancipation is but a part of the progress toward a free society.

* “Colonels” are typical figures of local power in Brazil, the title having little to do with the military rank of the same name. Their system of rule has been called “colonelism” (“coronelismo”).

Translated from Portuguese into English by Erick Vasconcelos.

Commentary
Neighborhood Environmentalism: Toward Democratic Energy

As a boy in the southeast African nation of Malawi, William Kamkwamba harnessed the wind.  In 2002, drought and famine — common problems in one of the world’s least-developed countries — forced the boy and his family to forage for food and water as thousands starved.

Kamkwamba, however, knew if he could build a windmill he would bring water and electricity to his family. So he pulled together scrap metal, tractor parts and bicycles, constructing a peculiar, but functioning, windmill. The contraption was viewed as a miracle — it powered four lights and turned a water pump that ameliorated the crisis. News of his “electric wind” spread quickly and was emulated.

Kamkwamba’s story is one of democratic energy and neighborhood environmentalism. Access to information left the boy free to replicate the science of windmills. After construction, his work spread throughout the region. This is a prime example of social power. The boy who harnessed the wind is testament to the power of two ideas: Open source content and co-operative labor.

It is this kind of market approach, not sweeping policy from a centralized authority, that will meet the demands of the 21st century.

Take the newly proposed United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulation that aims to reduce carbon emissions. Hailed as a historic action, its mechanisms leave much to be desired.

Target emission reductions will be set for individual states. To meet these targets, states could renovate existing coal-fired power plants with “clean burning” technology — but clean coal is a dirty lie. States could switch to natural gas which produces less carbon — but natural gas emits methane at 21 times the greenhouse impact of carbon dioxide. State incentives to residents to be more energy-efficient are low hanging fruit that can do much, but alone cannot likely get the job done. Or states can work under a cap-and-trade program through which offsets undercut reductions, allowing big polluters to continue business as usual.

Furthermore, there still remain state enforced laws such as compulsory pooling and eminent domain which allow big polluters to disregard property rights and wreck natural habitats that naturally offer the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration. There still remain intellectual property laws that permit patent monopoly, producing a barrier to competition in the market that could drive polluters under the regulation standard.

Conflict currently exists between the regulatory state and the energy elite, but it is latent. Utility monopolies such as Duke-Progress Energy and the Tennessee Valley Authority (among others), coupled with industry giants King Coal, Big Oil and Fracked Gas have a lock on the energy market. Because of the state-capitalist system other market players (and people like you and I) remain economically dependent on these elite. The state knows this and is loyal to them. Its economic strength is fueled by the energy industry.

The very institution of the state encourages environmental degradation and closed markets. It’s time to dismantle such an illegitimate authority.

Taking democratic control of these institutions may be difficult, but for what it’s worth, I remain an optimist. We continue to strive for the beautiful ethic of liberty. Until actualized, may we begin to disassociate as much as possible and take a lesson from the boy who harnessed the wind. In the open source technological age, with the resources and infrastructure available to us, we can labor for neighborhood solutions and begin the magnificent struggle for democratic energy. In fact we already have.

Portuguese, Stateless Embassies
Classe, política identitária e estigmergia: Por que não precisamos de “um grande movimento”

Em um texto para o blog da rede Students for Liberty (“Between Radicalism and Revolution: The Cautionary Tale of Students for a Democratic Society“, 6 de maio), Clark Ruper usa o exemplo dos Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) como alerta contra o sectarismo e a fragmentação dentro do movimento libertário. O movimento libertário, afirma ele, deve estar unido em favor de uma agenda comum que tenha apelo para o maior número possível de pessoas — que aborde questões “mais importantes” como a luta contra o corporativismo e o intervencionismo militar e a proteção das liberdades civis. Ruper parece focar principalmente nos anarquistas, revolucionários, defensores da justiça social e libertários de esquerda como potenciais fontes de divisões. Ele também deixa claro que seu post foi motivado, em grande parte, pelos debates recentes a respeito das abordagens libertárias “thick” ou “não-brutalistas” defendidas, entre outros, por Roderick Long, Charles Johnson, Gary Chartier, Sheldon Richman e Jeffrey Tucker:

“Alguns afirmam que o libertarianismo ‘real’ ou uma versão melhorada das ideias libertárias deve também incluir o anarquismo, o progressismo, estudos críticos de raça ou várias outras perspectivas. (…)

“Para nós, atualmente, parece que o libertarianismo não é o suficiente; o que precisamos é do anarquismo de esquerda, do libertarianismo thick, do não-brutalismo ou várias outras perspectivas.”

Em resposta, Jeff Ricketson, no Centro por uma Sociedade Sem Estado (“Radicalism as Revolution: A Call for a Fractal Libertarianism“, C4SS, 18 de maio) desafiou a defesa de Ruper de um movimento monolítico e considerou a fractalidade como ponto positivo:

“O que devemos defender é um libertarianismo unido sob a bandeira da liberdade, com discussões apaixonadas e amigáveis sobre as questões internas e uma nidificação fractal em pequenos grupos mais especializados.”

O fractalismo e a especialização, afirma ele, são bons porque aumentam a agilidade, a resistência a adaptabilidade do movimento como um todo face a mudanças.

E isso é muito verdadeiro. É difícil para os ativistas libertários que trabalham em comunidades específicas relacionarem seus valores básicos às necessidades particulares e às situações cotidianas das pessoas com quem trabalham se tiverem que pedir autorização dos cabeças do Quartel-General Central do Partido.

Eu e outros associados ao C4SS já fomos alvos de críticas similares às de Ruper por darmos atenção considerada excessiva a preocupações com a justiça social. Afirmam que perdemos o nosso foco em questões “reais”, no “principal” — como o estado corporativo, a economia, classes, guerras e liberdades civis. Em vez de enfatizarmos esses pontos, nos distraímos pelo “politicamente correto” e pela “política identitária”. Ou seja, deveríamos nos prender a um programa libertário comum de amplo apelo, limitar nosso foco a essas “questões importantes” e evitar dizer qualquer coisa que possa alienar os conservadores culturais brancos que concordam conosco em questões econômicas.

É claro que isso é irônico, dado que toda essa polêmica sobre as pautas “polêmicas” que podem alienar os mais conservadores vem de um movimento “pan-secessionista” que está de braços abertos a neonazistas e nacional-anarquistas, cujo líder defendeu a expulsão de ativistas LGBT do movimento anarquista. Aparentemente, a alienação desses grupos conservadores que chafurdam em seu próprio vitimismo é inaceitável, mas não dar apoio a pautas interessantes aos gays e transgêneros que são genuinamente vitimizados todos os dias por injustiças estruturais não é algo tão ruim.

De qualquer forma, as defesas de um movimento amplo, unido em torno de uma só plataforma de amplo apelo, são fundamentalmente equivocadas. É essencialmente o mesmo argumento usado pelo establishment esquerdista — parte do qual se intitula orgulhosamente como “verticalista” — contra o horizontalismo do movimento Occupy. É a crítica padrão dos centristas-gerencialistas dentro da comunidade progressistas e social-democrata: “Aponte líderes e adote uma plataforma!”

O Occupy chegou bem perto de fazer exatamente isso. Os membros da organização anticonsumista Adbusters e os New Yorkers Against Budget Cuts (Nova-iorquinos Contra Cortes no Orçamento) que chegaram mais cedo nas reuniões planejavam um acordo para chegar a uma só pauta de exigências, apontar porta-vozes e tudo o mais. Se tivessem feito isso, o Occupy seria outro movimento passageiro que sairia das notícias em alguns dias. Mas David Graeber e alguns outros horizontalistas — Wobblies e veteranos do movimento de Seattle — se juntaram para formar um movimento de oposição que rapidamente se estabeleceu como cultura dominante dentro do Occupy.

Ao invés de adotar uma liderança e uma pauta oficiais, Graeber e os horizontalistas escolheram seguir o modelo descentralizado em redes do movimento M15 da Espanha. Ao invés de uma só pauta ou uma pequena plataforma resumida em alguns pontos-chave, os organizadores do Occupy decidiram enfatizar a mensagem do “Somos o 99%” — uma ampla oposição a coisas como o poder das corporações e bancos sobre o estado, o neoliberalismo, o imperialismo etc. — e deixaram os vários subgrupos, as comunidades e indivíduos que formavam o movimento estabelecerem seus próprios objetivos, atentos às necessidades e preocupações particulares relacionadas ao tema mais amplo.

Em outras palavras, o movimento Occupy não tinha uma plataforma — ele mesmo era uma plataforma. Era uma caixa de ferramentas, uma marca e uma biblioteca de imagens e slogans prontos para serem usados e adaptados a necessidades e pautas específicas de grupos que compartilhassem a oposição geral ao neoliberalismo e ao poder do capital financeiro.

Tanto Ruper quanto os críticos de centro-esquerda do Occupy recorrem ao modelo organizacional ultrapassado do meio do século 20. Nesse modelo, celebrado por Joseph Schumpeter e John Kenneth Galbraith, a produção industrial requeria grandes organizações hierárquicas com uso intensivo de capital, grandes economias de escala e extensas divisões de trabalhos. Seriam organizações governadas por regulamentos trabalhistas weberianos-tayloristas, descrições de “funções” e de quais são as “práticas adequadas”. O ativismo político, assim, requereria grandes organizações hierárquicas e capitalizadas como a GM, a GE e vários outros dinossauros industriais.

Mas adivinhe só: todos esses dinossauros estão obsoletos e fadados a desaparecer. Seu modelo organizacional e todos que o seguem também. As mudanças tecnológicas mudaram a base material da maioria das instituições hierárquicas e fez com que os requisitos de capitalização para a duplicação de suas funções implodisse. Ferramentas baratas de micromanufatura, tecnologias caseiras mais eficientes que editoras e estúdios musicais e comunicações em rede a custo virtualmente zero permitem que indivíduos e pequenos grupos horizontalizados façam coisas que antes requeriam poderosas instituições sediadas em enormes prédios de vidro e aço, cheios de milhares de robôs em cubículos, gerenciadas por vários homens engravatados em mesas de mogno no último andar.

O paradigma econômico e organizacional do mundo de hoje são as redes horizontais e estigmérgicas. É o modelo organizacional da Wikipedia, dos movimentos de compartilhamento, do Anonymous e até da Al-Qaeda. Nesse modelo, tudo é feito pelos indivíduos ou por pequenos grupos de afinidade unidos em torno de diferentes pautas. Tudo é feito pelo indivíduo ou grupo mais interessado, motivado e qualificado para a tarefa, sem a espera de permissão. E em vez de “desviar” da missão comum, as contribuições dos indivíduos e grupos de afinidade são sinérgicas e se reforçam mutuamente. Em redes de compartilhamento de arquivos, quando alguém quebra os esquemas de gestão de direitos digitais de uma música ou filme, os arquivos se tornam imediatamente propriedade comum de toda a rede. Quando um novo dispositivo explosivo improvisado é desenvolvido por uma célula da Al Qaeda no Iraque, ele pode ser imediatamente adotado por outra célula que o achar útil — ou ignorado se não for. Uma rede estigmérgica é a máxima expressão do conhecimento distribuído hayekiano.

Nós não precisamos mais nos reunir em grandes instituições para alcançar nossos objetivos ou tentar fazer com que todos concordem em certos pontos antes de dar qualquer passo. Os ativistas fazem isso por conta própria. O que precisam é simples: suporte e solidariedade. Eles podem definir por si mesmos o que é importante para as comunidades de que são parte e com que trabalham, podem decidir como as pautas libertárias se relacionam especificamente a si mesmos. Enquanto isso, os outros podem fazer o mesmo e direcionar seus esforços a suas preocupações locais, desejando sorte aos companheiros em outros submovimentos e oferecendo solidariedade e suporte quando possível e necessário.

O que isso significa é que é totalmente desnecessário — não que jamais tenha sido preciso — suprimir as defesas da justiça racial e de gênero em prol do suporte à pauta comum da classe econômica “até a chegada da revolução” ou “pelo bem do partido”. De fato, é contraprodutivo. A unidade e subordinação forçada defendida por Ruper é, paradoxalmente, garantia de fomento de discórdia e divisão.

Por experiência própria, ao conversar com amigos, acho que está bastante claro que essa tendência a subordinar questões “divisivas” (como raça e gênero) às “importantes” (política e economia) é o motivo principal por que o libertarianismo e o anarquismo são percebidos por mulheres, grupos LGBT e negros como província de “machos brancos”.

Já percebi o mesmo problema em grupos social-democratas que se intitulam “progressistas pragmáticos” (chamados de “Obots” em tom de desprezo, por seu apoio incondicional a Barack Obama) e usam a hashtag #UniteBlue no Twitter. Não importa a questão — seja o uso de Drones por Obama para matar civis inocentes, a invasão de privacidade da NSA, o corporativismo da elaboração da Parceria Transpacífica — suas respostas padrão são “Então você preferiria que Romney fosse eleito?” ou “Como isso afetará as chances de Hillary Clinton em 2016?”. Esse tipo de oportunismo cínico às custas das necessidades de seres humanos reais é vergonhoso — não importa o lado.

Se essa união forçada em torno de questões “reais” estimula a divisão e o ressentimento, então a melhor forma de estimular a união é levar em conta ativamente os interesses e as necessidades específicas de diferentes segmentos da população. A prática da interseccionalidade — isto é, perceber como diferentes formas de opressão, como opressões de classe, raça e gênero se reforçam mutuamente e afetam de forma diferente subgrupos particulares dentro dos meios ativistas — não foi desenvolvida para estabelecer uma competição de quem é mais oprimido. Ela foi desenvolvida precisamente para evitar o fracionamento dos movimentos por justiça racial por conta de questões de classe e gênero, o feminismo por conta de questões de classe e raça, etc, atentando para as necessidades especiais dos menos favorecidos dentro de cada movimento.

Se você quer saber o que acontece a um movimento que foca nas questões “importantes” (econômicas) sem levar em conta problemas interseccionais, observe os sindicatos de parceiros rurais dos anos 1930 que se separaram em movimentos de negros e brancos — e finalmente derrotados — graças a ações promovidas por grandes agriculturalistas para explorar as divisões raciais entre os membros. Ou você poderia observar as reuniões de vários grandes grupos de ativismo, tomar nota de quantos componentes são homens brancos e então se perguntar por que esse movimento tão amplo não tem nenhum apelo para mulheres e negros.

Traduzido do inglês para o português por Erick Vasconcelos.

Stigmergy - C4SS Blog, The Weekly Abolitionist
The Weekly Abolitionist: How Prisons Kill

In recent weeks, I’ve seen multiple stories about deaths in prisons. These deaths were all preventable and easily attributable to prison conditions. Let’s examine a few of these incidents.

According to the Miami Herald, “Florida’s Department of Corrections is facing a third potential criminal probe in the wake of another inmate death at a state prison.” The most recent death is that of Damion Foster, a 36 year old man who “died when corrections officers were attempting a ‘cell extraction.'” In other words, he died while experiencing direct coercive violence from prison guards. This seems like a case of possible murder or manslaughter, but it is likely to be shrouded in euphemism, because the violent extraction of prisoners from their cells is considered a normal or essential part of prison operations. Perhaps even more disturbing is the death of Darren Rainey. According to the Herald:

Rainey, serving two years on a cocaine charge, was placed in the shower by prison guards and left there for more than an hour, allegedly under a spray of water heated to in excess of 160 degrees. He was placed in the shower for a prolonged period as punishment after defecating in his cell and refusing to clean it up, according to repeated written grievances filed by Harold Hempstead, a burglar who was an orderly in the mental-health unit. Hempstead said he was assigned to a cell beneath the shower and could hear Rainey screaming for mercy. … When Rainey was found, he was so badly burned that portions of his skin had slipped from his body, a witness and several former employees at the prison told the Herald.

So guards scalded Rainey’s skin off with water hotter than 160 degrees as a method of punishment. Rainey was killed in June 2012. If any ordinary citizen did this, it would be quickly recognized as murder and prosecuted as such. By contrast, the guards responsible were subjected to a criminal investigation, but as of May 22nd this year, the police had not yet concluded whether there was any inappropriate or criminal behavior to prosecute. The story is even more disturbing in light of the fact that “Rainey was not the only prisoner who got the shower treatment.”

Disturbing prison deaths are certainly not unique to Florida. On February 15th this year, homeless veteran Jerome Murdough baked to death in his 101-degree cell at New York’s Riker’s Island jail. It’s all too common for prisoners to bake to death in overheated prisons and jails. A recent report from the University of Texas School of Law Human Rights Clinic points out at least 14 inmate deaths in Texas related to overheating since 2007. The report “concludes that current conditions in TDCJ facilities constitute a violation of Texas’s duty to guarantee the rights to health, life, physical integrity, and dignity of detainees, as well as its duty to prevent inhuman or degrading treatment of its inmates.”

In 2011, the Center for a Stateless Society’s own Brad Spangler noted that Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio was “literally roasting prisoners alive.” Spangler explained that “Temperatures inside the tents at the prison camp the Sheriff operates are reaching 145°F. By way of comparison, a round of roast beef is said to be medium-rare when it reaches a core temperature of 130°F to 140°F.” Furthermore, he argued that such abuses “are logical consequences of the perverse economic incentives of monopoly government.” Given that similarly abusive conditions are seen in prisons and jails from New York to Florida to Texas to Arizona, I’m inclined to agree.

People often ask what we would do about murderers without prisons. But the sad truth is that prisons themselves kill. As Dean Spade puts it, “The prison is the serial killer.”

Commentary
Privacy 2014: Is There a “Right to be Forgotten?”

Everyone seems to like privacy — so much so that we often expand the term into the social concept of “privacy rights,” indicating that privacy isn’t just a good thing but something to which we are all entitled. This leaves unanswered an important question: “To what degree and in what respects?” Last month the European Court of Justice offered up an interesting answer to that question, positing a “right to be forgotten.”

The court, pursuant to a lawsuit filed by Mario Gonzales of Spain, ordered Google to remove from its search results a 1998 newspaper article concerning the public auction of Gonzales’s repossessed home. Gonzales did not claim the article was untrue or inaccurate. Instead, he asserted that information pertaining to him (in particular, information which might disadvantage him, justifiably or not, if made easily available to others) should be placed under his exclusive control with respect to Internet search results.

Thus was born the “right to be forgotten” — or forgotten by Google, at any rate.  Google is cooperating: They’ve set up an online claim/application process for those who want specific pieces of information removed from their public search indices. The court’s criterion for evaluating these claims is that the information is question is “inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant,” although that raises the further conundrum of who decides questions of adequacy and relevance.

This case and its outcome touch on several issues with which civil and political libertarians, not to mention anarchists like myself, have wrestled for some time. While it seems incontestable that “privacy” is a valued thing, it’s not obvious just how market processes might produce similar outcomes with respect to claims like Gonzales’s versus the way a powerful state with long-armed courts enforces such claims.

In fact, for those who believe “privacy rights” extend as far as the court’s ruling seems to claim (or even farther), the ruling might itself constitute an argument against anti-statism or even “limited government” (a court in Luxembourg enforcing the demands of a plaintiff from Spain against a company in the United States with respect to the informational content of a global network doesn’t seem very “limited,” does it?).

To me, the ruling is evidence of the opposite proposition. The fact that markets would probably not produce the same results as governments have produced means that governments are going too far and that “privacy rights,” if they exist at all, do not justly extend so far as this ruling implies.

In this specific case, the claim seems to be less one of privacy and more one of “intellectual property.” Gonzales doesn’t claim that Google peeked through his window and saw him writing down notice of that 1998 auction. He acknowledges that it was, at the time, a publicly reported event. He’s just claiming that now, 16 years later, he “owns” knowledge of that event and is entitled to control it, while Google doesn’t and isn’t.

We are at the point where efforts to protect privacy necessarily navigate between the perceived Scylla of “information wants to be free” and the Charybdis of state-created “intellectual property” monopolies. In my opinion, the idea of information freedom as Scylla is largely fantasy. The power of the state to compel “forgetfulness” is far more dangerous than any unintended or unwanted disclosure of truth could possibly be.

Stigmergy - C4SS Blog, Weekly Libertarian Leftist Review
The Weekly Libertarian Leftist And Chess Review 32

Jacob G. Hornberger discusses why U.S. soldiers aren’t defending our freedoms.

Dave Lindorff discusses why the U.S. empire is in decline.

Gary M. Galles discusses how compulsion is not cooperation.

Jacob G. Hornberger discusses the U.S. support for military coups.

Cesar Chelala discusses the CIA and the misuse of public health.

Ian Urbina discusses the use of jailed migrants as a source of cheap labor.

Timothy P. Carney discusses how big business supported regulation during the Progressive Era.

David S. D’Amato discusses libertarianism and intellectual property.

Dan Sanchez discusses the cycle of the state.

Felicity Arbuthnot discusses how U.S. citizens are not safe worldwide.

William Norman Grigg discusses Dana Rohrabacher.

Binoy Kampmark discusses the weakening of surveillance reform.

Dan Sanchez discusses the impossibility of voluntary slavery.

Jason Brennan discusses Michael Lind’s fetish for closed borders.

David S. D’Amato discusses the export-import bank.

Renee Parsons discusses American foreign policy, the dollar, and Putin’s pivot.

Andrew O’Hehir discusses the liberal attacks on Snowden and Glenn Greenwald. Not entirely anarchist friendly but still good.

Glenn Greenwald responses to Michael Kinsley.

Bob and Barbara Dreyfuss discusses why the left should be wary of Hilary Clinton

J.D. Tuccille discusses why new laws are an ineffective response to tragic happenings.

Jacob Sullum discusses gun control.

Gene Healy discusses the faux War on Terror debate started by Obama.

Jacob Sullum discusses hash brownies and life sentences.

Nick Gillespie discusses Obama leaving roughly 10,000 troops in Afghanistan.

Ivan Eland discusses how U.S. alliances lead Asian allies to be more aggressive.

Sheldon Richman discusses why interventionism is no good.

Sandy Ikeda discusses libertarianism from the other side.

Cathy Young discusses Elliot Rogers.

Ulf Andersson beats Anatoly Karpov.

Ulf Andersson beats Anatoly Karpov again.

Feed 44
No Dialogue with War Criminals on Feed 44

C4SS Feed 44 presents Grayson English‘s “No Dialogue with War Criminals” from the Students for a Stateless Society‘s Volume 1, Issue 1 of THE NEW LEVELLER read by Stephen Ledger and edited by Nick Ford.

Brennan’s flippant and dismissive attitude seemed to resonate with several people, who, in various ways, expressed to us that we “should have attended the dinner,” like proper politically engaged students.

“He fielded very difficult questions,” many people assured us; “He would have gladly addressed your concerns.” They wanted us to engage in a conversation with Brennan as if our ideas were equally legitimate. What these people fail to see is that there is no such conversation. We are not interested in “conversing” in such a hollow way. That rhetoric is part of a shameless attempt to legitimize the murders committed by agents of the state as “merely the other side of the debate.” It is murder. It is not up for debate. We don’t want a place at the table. We want to flip the table over.

Feed 44:

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Commentary
Neighborhood Environmentalism: Protecting Biodiversity

The environment, specifically climate change, is recieving some much deserved attention as of late. Discussion of climate change is healthy and necessary, but it seems the politico-media complex exclusively discusses climate, leaving other urgent crises to fall under the radar.

One such crisis is Earth’s impending sixth mass extinction. We live in a time of precipitous biodiversity loss — on par with the extinction rate that ended the age of the dinosaurs. A complete tally of recent extinctions and imperiled species (along with causes) can be found at the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) website – IUCNRedList.org.

Stuart Pimm of Duke University, a recognized expert in the field of conservation biology, has published a landmark study in the peer-reviewed journal Science. Pimm’s publication describes the current plight of flora and fauna around the planet. Pimm notes that species are disappearing at least 1,000 times faster than the natural background rate — ten times faster than ecologists previously believed. “We are on the verge of the sixth extinction,” Pimm said in a statement about his research. “Whether we avoid it or not will depend on our actions.”

There are a number of factors causing species decline. The major culprit, however, is not climate change — it’s habitat loss.

Over 50% of the human population now lives in cities, as populations expand, so too does urbanization. This creates an incredible challenge to species conservation as the total size of urban spaces in the United States now exceeds the total size of areas protected for conservation. It is important, then, for markets to develop that encourage biodiversity conservation.

Pimm is right: Whether or not we avoid a biodiversity crisis depends on our actions. It is time to embrace neighborhood environmentalism and reclaim the commons.

“Growth at any cost” economics, the dogma of neo-liberalism and government institutions, utilizes precious landscapes and resources needed for ecological subsistence. Even programs that seek mechanisms for conservation, such as the United Nation’s REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), inadvertently promote the total exploitation of natural areas, simply because regulation diverts resource extraction to unprotected land/seascapes.

Enclosure movements (acquisition of territories for the state or private capital) more often than not exploit natural landscapes. To the contrary, democratic management of natural areas has resulted in best sustainability practices.

The work of Nobel Prize recipient Elinor Ostrom demonstrates environmental protection increases with Common Pool Resource InstitutionsArun Agrawal, in his work Environmentality, notes sustainable forest policy emerged in the Kumoan region of the Himalayas as a result of decentralized, democratically controlled resource management. In our cities, the establishment of urban wilderness areas popping up around the globe, from the labor of civic sector institutions and private citizens, are protecting large expanses of forest and crucial habitat from economic exploitation – my favorite example hails from the Scruffy City of Knoxville, Tennessee, where over 1,000 acres of forested habitat has been preserved.

There are many more examples of freed markets protecting wilderness and ecosystem services. This protection simultaneously provides ancillary benefits to all flora and fauna — including humans. Government institutions and concentrations of private capital are all too often hurdles to the implementation of policies that can ease the current biodiversity crisis. Neighborhood Power is the way of the future — conservation depends on it.

French, Stateless Embassies
Les « trolls de brevets » ne sont pas le problème. Les brevets sont le problème.

« Alors qu’Apple se prépare à se défendre dans une affaire de violation de brevet en Europe qui pourrait lui couter des millions, la compagnie et son rival Google sont tous les deux aller demander à la Cour Suprême des USA de permettre d’infliger des pénalités sévères à l’encontre des plaintes triviales » selon Apple Insider.

Eh bien, il était temps. Mais le problème avec la position d’Apple est qu’une plainte pour violation de brevets – ou un brevet en lui-même – qui ne soit pas triviale, ça n’existe pas.

Il est vrai que les litiges sur les brevets sont devenus de plus en plus absurdes ces dernières années, mais en tant qu’acteur majeur dans cette absurdité (ayant, entre autres idioties, déposé – et reçu ! – un brevet sur les appareils rectangulaires avec des coins arrondis), Apple n’est pas vraiment en position de se plaindre.

Leur produit vedette, la gamme Macintosh, a commencé par une copie, trait pour trait, de l’interface utilisateur aux périphériques (vous avez entendu parler des « souris » ?) du système 1981 Star de Xerox. Et ils ont rapidement poursuivi (avant de s’arranger avec) Amazon pour leurs « droits » sur le terme « app store ». Alors s’il vous plait, ne donnons pas trop de crédit aux inquiétudes d’Apple sur les « trolls de brevets ».

Même si les brevets remplissaient le rôle que l’on nous vend – « sécuriser pour un temps limité un droit exclusif pour les inventeurs sur leurs créations » comme écrit dans la constitution américaine – ils resteraient une très mauvaise idée. Que l’on puisse posséder un idée est absurde, et personne n’y accorderait la moindre crédibilité si ce n’était pas appliqué le flingue sur la tempe par l’état.

Mais le rôle théorique des brevets n’est pas celui qu’ils ont dans la réalité.

Leur utilité réelle est de restreindre la compétition et de limiter l’innovation afin de fournir un avantage économique – c’est à dire un monopole sur la fixation du prix – pour établir quelles firmes, grâce à leur capacité de payer (pardonnez mon manque de délicatesse ; je crois que le terme que je cherche est « lobbying ») des politiciens, bureaucrates et juges, peuvent alors s’offrir le plaisir d’éviter la compétition du marché sur le prix ou la qualité.

Il y a quelques dizaines d’années, je travaillais pour un constructeur de bateaux connu. Un été, j’ai passé plusieurs semaines à faire de la besogne – remorquer des bateaux pour maintenance et les ramener, ce genre de choses – pour le nouveau designer de bateaux que la compagnie avait recruté pour assembler un prototype « suffisamment différent » du dernier bateau qu’il avait conçu (pour une autre firme) afin d’éviter (tout du moins pouvoir facilement gagner) des procédures de « violations ». Je ne sais pas combien est-ce que cette « mise en conformité » (et tout litige futur) représente sur le cout de chaque nouveau bateau, mais il n’y a aucun doute que le prix de vente était affecté.

En d’autres termes, les brevets sont une taxe indirecte pour les consommateurs. Les monopolistes des brevets peuvent faire payer plus cher car le gouvernement se charge de leur supprimer toute concurrence. Et si ces concurrents arrivent à mettre des produits sur le marché, ces produits sont plus chers car il aura fallu dépenser plus pour les licences d’exploitation ou pour contourner les « violations », ou pour payer des assurances afin de se protéger contre le risque de litige sur les brevets.

La plainte d’Apple, au fond, est que les « trolls » de brevets se contentent d’acheter des « droits », puis cherchent des infractions sur lesquelles ils peuvent récupérer de l’argent, au lieu de s’embêter à créer de nouveaux produits. Mais pourquoi ne devraient-ils pas le faire ? Si, comme Apple voudrait nous le faire croire, les brevets sont un instrument de marché légitime, alors les « trolls » exploitent cet outil plus efficacementqu’Apple ne le fait, n’est-ce pas ?

Le problème n’est pas les « trolls de brevets », le problème est le concept de brevet.

Traduction de The Problem Isn’t “Patent Trolls.” The Problem Is Patents. par Thomas L. Knapp.

Feed 44
Markets and Law on Feed 44

C4SS Feed 44 presents ‘s “Markets and Law” from the Students for a Stateless Society‘s Volume 1, Issue 1 of THE NEW LEVELLER read by Stephen Ledger and edited by Nick Ford.

Instead, if a market were allowed to provide security, the firms protecting individuals’ rights would have every reason to provide the protection their clientele could and would pay for. Unlike government, a firm in a market cannot force people to purchase their product, anyone else’s product, or any of the product at all. Their prices and services would be based on supply on demand: what is possible to provide at a given price, and how much is wanted at that price. There would be a strong check against power-grabbing and mass corruption, because either of these would result in the mass cancelation of their customers’ policies and failure of the firm.

Feed 44:

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Media Appearances
Cathy Reisenwitz on Anarchast

C4SS Adviser and Contributor Cathy Reisenwitz chats with Jeff from the Anarchast. Cathy Reisenwitz who has sparked a powderkeg of debate in the anarchist community over her views. Jeff exposes her true beliefs in this episode. Topics include: Ron Paul, the Mises Institute, checking your privilege, US police state, Anarchy leads to prosperity, bitcoin will help the poor, knee jerk liberal response to keywords initiate flamewars, sex and the state, sex positive feminism, gender equality and libertarianism, the Center for a Stateless Society, and private property.

Stigmergy - C4SS Blog
Media Coordinator Update, May 2014

Before I go into this month’s English-language numbers, I’d like to offer my congratulations to Erick Vasconcelos, C4SS’s Portuguese-language media coordinator, who has identified a whopping 137 pickups of the Center’s material (either original in Portuguese or translated to it) this month! I haven’t seen updates from our other coordinators for this month yet, but it’s clear that C4SS is making huge global inroads with readers of languages other than English.

On the English-language side, so far this month I have logged 35,832 submissions of C4SS op-eds to 2,642 publications around the world, and identified 52 “establishment media” pickups of, and one citation/link to, C4SS material.

Two high points:

  • That citation/link I mention above is from The New Yorker. Aside from its prominence as an American print institution, it’s in the top 1,000 most popular web sites in the US and in the top 2,500 worldwide (according to Alexa, the reliability of which I am aware is much disputed).
  • We penetrated two new (for us) media markets this month — Fiji and Jamaica.

So, are we happy? Well, yes — but we’re not going to be resting on our laurels. Our goal is to convey the market anarchist message to every audience, via every available vehicle, worldwide, 24/7. We’re not there yet, but we’re definitely making measurable progress. Thanks, as always, for your support!

Anarchy and Democracy
Fighting Fascism
Markets Not Capitalism
The Anatomy of Escape
Organization Theory