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	<title>Center for a Stateless Society &#187; repression</title>
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		<title>The Weekly Libertarian Leftist And Chess Review 44</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/30480</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/30480#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 24 Aug 2014 23:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stigmergy - C4SS Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weekly Libertarian Leftist Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9-11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blowback]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bombing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[caliphate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drone assassination]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Egypt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GOP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hilary Clinton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humanitarianism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[interventionism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISIS]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[leftists]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[patriarchal state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[police militarization]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[surveillance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[torture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.s. intervention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[war culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Pepe Escobar discusses why Obama is bombing ISIS. Alex Kane discusses 11 facts about police militarization. Philip Giraldi discusses the GOP. John Maxwell Hamilton discusses how WW1 led to modern propaganda and surveillance. Charles Davis discusses how America helped make the Islamic state in Iraq and Syria. Joshua Cook discusses blowback in Iraq. Ted Snider...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/08/no_author/why-obama-is-bombing-the-caliph%E2%80%A8/">Pepe Escobar discusses why Obama is bombing ISIS.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.alternet.org/civil-liberties/11-shocking-facts-about-americas-militarized-police-forces">Alex Kane discusses 11 facts about police militarization.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unz.com/article/same-old-gop/">Philip Giraldi discusses the GOP.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/happy-100th-birthday-information-warfare/2014/08/01/3786e262-1732-11e4-85b6-c1451e622637_story.html">John Maxwell Hamilton discusses how WW1 led to modern propaganda and surveillance.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.vice.com/read/america-helped-make-the-islamic-state-812">Charles Davis discusses how America helped make the Islamic state in Iraq and Syria.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://benswann.com/blowback-u-s-proxy-wars-led-to-the-rise-of-isis/">Joshua Cook discusses blowback in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/Ted_Snider/2014/08/13/the-american-response-to-isis-theyrepatterns-notcoincidences/">Ted Snider discusses the pattern on display in the U.S. response to ISIS. </a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/14/police-militarism-in-america/">David Lindorff discusses police militarization.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/14/us-still-funding-repression/">Medea Benjamin discusses the U.S. funding of repression in Egypt.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.alternet.org/world/obama-administration-exploiting-humanitarian-missions-push-shady-policies-abroad">Alex Kane discusses the use of humanitarianism as an excuse for U.S. intervention abroad.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://fff.org/explore-freedom/article/tgif-liberty-in-america-during-the-great-war/">Sheldon Richman discusses attacks on liberty during WW1.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/8/islamic-state-caliphateiraqiranusobama.html">Immanuel Wallstein discusses the caliphate vs everyone else.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/lucy/2014/08/14/missouri-shooting-provokes-mainstream-backlash-against-militarized-police/">Lucy Steigerwald discusses police militarization and the Michael Brown case.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/james-madison-cheney-style/">Kevin R.C. Gutzman discusses Lynne Cheney&#8217;s book on James Madison.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/12/books/soldier-girls-by-helen-thorpe-explores-3-experiences.html?_r=0">Michiko Kakutani discusses a book on women soldiers.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/archives/2014/08/16/rise-of-the-unholy-alliance/">Thaddeus Russell discusses alliances between libertarians and leftists.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2014/08/17/back-to-the-sixties/">Justin Raimondo discusses how today is like the sixties. </a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/08/7-pages-that-gave-president-obama-permission-to-kill-americans/378651/">Conor Friedersdorf discusses the memo allowing for drone assassination of American citizens.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/18/hillary-the-hawk-flies-again/">Ralph Nader discusses Hilary the hawk.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/eland/2014/08/18/blowback-from-more-intervention-in-iraq/">Ivan Eland discusses U.S. interventionism in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/19/militarism-is-a-public-safety-crisis/">David Swanson discusses how militarism is a public safety issue.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/15/intervention-more-like-ceaseless-escalation/">Elliott Colla discusses ceaseless escalation in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.salon.com/2014/08/16/patriots_dont_break_laws_why_excusing_torture_is_an_american_catastrophe/">Falguni A. Sheth discusses torture and Obama&#8217;s comments on it.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/20/the-us-war-culture-has-come-home-to-roost/">Gilbert Mercier discusses how the war culture has come home to roost.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/blog/2014/08/18/ferguson-iraq-and-the-legacy-of-911">Peter Suderman discusses the events in Ferguson, Iraq, and the legacy of 9-11.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/americas-self-inflicted-iraq-defeat/">W. James Antle the third discusses American defeat in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175883/tomgram%3A_william_astore%2C_the_bomber_will_always_get_funded_--_and_used/">William Astore discuses the U.S. fetish for bombing.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/19/editorial-jersey-bounces-choice/">The Washington Times discusses the &#8220;nanny state&#8221; in New Jersey. I prefer the term patriarchal state.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1531003">Reuben Fine defeats Arthur William Dake.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1272103">Vladimir Akopian defeats Vladimir Kramnik</a></p>
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		<title>Il Brasile Ha Capito che i Mondiali non Sono Solo Calcio</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/28878</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/28878#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2014 11:00:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valdenor Júnior]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stateless Embassies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corporate capitalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FIFA World Cup 2014]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lutas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oppression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[repression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[resistencia]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Il calcio trascende le classi sociali e quelle economiche. In Brasile è giocato ovunque da bambini e adolescenti di ogni classe sociale. Se si può improvvisare una palla, il divertimento è sicuro. Il calcio è anche alla base del patriottismo brasiliano, che durante i mondiali si innalza. La bandiera nazionale diventa oggetto d’adorazione. E sventola...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Il calcio trascende le classi sociali e quelle economiche. In Brasile è giocato ovunque da bambini e adolescenti di ogni classe sociale. Se si può improvvisare una palla, il divertimento è sicuro.</p>
<p>Il calcio è anche alla base del patriottismo brasiliano, che durante i mondiali si innalza. La bandiera nazionale diventa oggetto d’adorazione. E sventola nell’aria.</p>
<p>Ma nel 2014 è diverso. Slogan come “La Coppa del Mondo non Esiste” abbondano, ci sono proteste e l’opinione pubblica si divide sull’impatto dell’evento. Le persone interessate dalle preparazioni hanno scritto una lettera aperta e, il quindici di maggio, c’è stata la <i>Giornata Contro la Coppa del Mondo</i>, che ha spinto migliaia di persone nelle strade in tutto il Brasile.</p>
<p>È stato il risultato prevedibile delle politiche adottate nel paese, politiche che hanno promosso l’uso massiccio di denaro pubblico e il pugno d’acciaio dello stato per mandare via la gente dalle loro case (espropri discutibili anche secondo i traballanti standard legali brasiliani) e costruire pachidermi bianchi per usarli soltanto per un breve periodo. I principali beneficiari sono la FIFA, le ditte di appalti, le grandi aziende alleate tra loro e lo stesso stato.</p>
<p>Per schivare la concorrenza, secondo la <a href="http://www.portalpopulardacopa.org.br/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=588:letter-from-the-first-meeting-of-people-affected-who-loses-with-mega-events-and-mega-enterprises"><i>Lettera del Primo Incontro delle Persone Interessate dalla Coppa del Mondo</i></a>, “la Legge sulla Coppa del Mondo istituisce zone di esclusione per un raggio di 1,25 miglia (2 chilometri) attorno alle aree della FIFA e gli stadi, e aree per i fan dotate di megaschermi, aree in cui soltanto gli sponsor possono vendere.” I venditori ambulanti, che muovono miliardi ogni anno, sono esclusi da grosse porzioni delle città.</p>
<p>Si potrebbe dire che viviamo una “situazione sportiva d’eccezione”, ma è un fatto che le preparazioni dei mondiali abbiano mostrato tutte le disfunzioni e le ingiustizie dello stato brasiliano. Le grandi imprese hanno ricevuto grossi aiuti economici tramite la banca pubblica BNDES, imprese che si sono alleate tra loro per attaccare coerentemente la proprietà dei poveri. C’è stato l’impulso irresistibile a controllare <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26424">l’accesso dei poveri alla terra</a>, per non dire della repressione generale dei venditori ambulanti in un paese in cui le leggi dicono di <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/27028">difendere la classe lavoratrice</a>.</p>
<p>Questo incubo sportivo è la realtà quotidiana del paese, una realtà che punisce i poveri più di ogni altro, ma che oggi appare più evidente che mai per via dell’associazione con uno degli eventi mondiali più importanti per i brasiliani. Questo stato di cose è sempre esistito, ma oggi c’è un pretesto. Il paese del calcio ha capito che i campionati non sono semplicemente sport. Hanno a che fare con il denaro, le influenze, i mezzi politici, non lo scambio volontario.</p>
<p>Niente serve meglio ad illustrare la differenza tra mezzi economici (lavoro, produzione, scambio) e mezzi politici (forza, costrizione), per dirla con Franz Oppenheimer. Un’altra Coppa del Mondo è possibile, un mondiale senza espropri, repressioni, soldi pubblici, ma sarebbe una Coppa del Mondo senza il potere dello stato, fatta da persone che fanno a meno della forza.</p>
<p>Nel 2007, il governo disse che la Coppa del Mondo sarebbe stata pagata interamente dal settore privato. Con lo stato che ci ritroviamo oggi questo non accadrà mai. Nessuna società è disposta ad accollarsi il rischio di investire in un mondiale politicizzato come quello brasiliano. Neil Stephenson, in <i>Snow Crash</i>, la mette così: “Ecco com’è lo stato. È stato inventato per fare quello che un privato non si sognerebbe di fare, il che significa che probabilmente non c’è alcuna ragione di farlo.” Lo stato fa questo, ma fa anche cose che fanno pendere l’ago della bilancia a favore di certe imprese private.</p>
<p>“Speriamo che la nostra storia non sia soffocata dall’urlo goal,” dice la <i>Lettera del Primo Incontro delle Persone Interessate dalla Coppa del Mondo</i>. Se dovesse prevalere la coscienza, l’ingiustizia dello stato nel nome dello sport non potrà essere dimenticata.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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		<title>How Brazil Learned that the World Cup is not Just Soccer</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/28340</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/28340#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2014 19:00:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valdenor Júnior]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corporate capitalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FIFA World Cup 2014]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lutas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[oppression]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Soccer transcends social classes and economic backgrounds. Children and teenagers everywhere in Brazil, from every class, play it. Where a ball may be improvised, there will be fun to be had. Soccer is also one of the foundations of Brazilian patriotism, that reascends during the FIFA World Cup. The flag colors come to be worshipped,...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Soccer transcends social classes and economic backgrounds. Children and teenagers everywhere in Brazil, from every class, play it. Where a ball may be improvised, there will be fun to be had.</p>
<p>Soccer is also one of the foundations of Brazilian patriotism, that reascends during the <em>FIFA World Cup</em>. The flag colors come to be worshipped, the flag itself is flown.</p>
<p>In 2014, however, it feels different. Slogans such as &#8220;There Will Be No World Cup&#8221; abound, there are protests and public opinion is split regarding the event&#8217;s impact. There was an open letter from those affected by the preparations and, on May 15, the <em>Day Against the World Cup</em>, that pushed thousands of people to the streets everywhere in Brazil.</p>
<p>It was a predictable result of the policies adopted in the country, that promoted the extensive use of government money and the iron hand of the state to remove people from their houses — in expropriations questionable even according to the dubious legal standards of Brazil — and build white elephants that will only be used for a short while. The greatest beneficiaries are FIFA, the contractors, allied corporations and the government itself.</p>
<p>To sidestep competition, according to the <a href="http://www.portalpopulardacopa.org.br/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=588:letter-from-the-first-meeting-of-people-affected-who-loses-with-mega-events-and-mega-enterprises" target="_blank"><em>Letter from the First Meeting of the Affected by the World Cup</em></a>, &#8220;the General Law of the World Cup establishes zones of exclusion of 1.25 miles around FIFA&#8217;s areas, stadiums, and fan areas with large screens, where only official sponsors will be allowed to sell.&#8221; Street sellers, who move billions every year, yet again, are excluded from large swathes of the cities.</p>
<p>One could argue we are living under a &#8220;sporting state of exception,&#8221; but it is a fact that preparations for the World Cup have amply shown the disfunctionality and injustice of the Brazilian state. There have been huge subsidies to large enterprises through state bank BNDES, and the uncompromising defense of the property of big corporations allied to the consistent neglect to the property of the poor. There has also been an irresistible impulse to control the <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26424" target="_blank">poor&#8217;s access to land</a>, not to mention the repression of the street sellers all over a country in which the <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/27028" target="_blank">laws claim to defend the working classes</a>.</p>
<p>This sports dystopia is always the reality in the country — a reality that overwhelmingly punishes the poor — but now it seems clearer than ever because it is closely associated with one of the most important world events for the Brazilians. This state has always existed, but it now has a pretext. The soccer country has learned that Cups are not only sport. They are about money and influence, about the political means, not voluntary exchange.</p>
<p>There is no better illustration of the difference between the economic means (labor, production, exchange) and the political means (force, coercion), as Franz Oppenheimer put it. Another World Cup was possible, without expropriations, repression, subsidies, but it would be a World Cup without the power of the state, made by free people forgoing the use of force.</p>
<p>In 2007, the government stated that the World Cup would be paid for entirely by the private sector. However, that would never happen with the state we have nowadays. No company would ever take the risk of investing in a politicized World Cup like the Brazilian one. Neil Stephenson, in <em>Snow Crash</em>, put it like this: &#8220;[T]hat&#8217;s how the government is. It was invented to do stuff that private enterprise doesn&#8217;t bother with, which means that there&#8217;s probably no reason for it.&#8221; The government also does stuff that allows private enterprise to tilt the table in their favor.</p>
<p>&#8220;We hope that a shout of goal won&#8217;t suppress our story,&#8221; states the <em>Letter from the First Meeting of the Affected by the World Cup</em>. Should conscience win, state injustice in the name of sports can&#8217;t be forgotten.</p>
<p><i>Translated into English by <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/erick-vasconcelos" target="_blank">Erick Vasconcelos</a></i></p>
<p>Translations for this article:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian, <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28878" target="_blank">Il Brasile Ha Capito che i Mondiali non Sono Solo Calcio</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>Lo Stato Può Perdonare Se Stesso?</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26248</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26248#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Apr 2014 11:00:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valdenor Júnior]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stateless Embassies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amnesty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military dictatorship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Truth Comission]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pardon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Portuguese]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[redemocratization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[repression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-amnesty]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Il 25 marzo la Commissione Nazionale per la Verità (Comissão Nacional da Verdade) ha sentito un colonnello in pensione per cercare di capire come “venivano torturati i prigionieri politici” e identificare “chi era vivo al momento dell’arrivo, chi morì, chi scomparve, e chi furono i torturatori” della Casa da Morte (Casa della Morte), un punto...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Il 25 marzo la Commissione Nazionale per la Verità (Comissão Nacional da Verdade) ha sentito un colonnello in pensione per cercare di capire come “venivano torturati i prigionieri politici” e identificare “chi era vivo al momento dell’arrivo, chi morì, chi scomparve, e chi furono i torturatori” della Casa da Morte (Casa della Morte), un punto segreto di repressione situato a Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, durante il regime militare che governò il paese. La Commissione per la Verità sta investigando le violazioni dei diritti umani durante la dittatura, ma molti l’hanno criticata dicendo che si tratta di uno strumento subdolo che servirà alla sinistra per portare avanti i suoi progetti.</p>
<p>Riportiamo indietro l’orologio. Cinquanta anni fa, un colpo di stato cacciò via la dittatura militare in Brasile. I suoi funzionari, agendo in contrasto netto con la legge, torturarono, inscenarono finti suicidi e fecero “scomparire” centinaia di persone. La colpa del governo civile sta nel fatto di aver favorito una “ri-democratizzazione lenta e graduale” dei diritti dell’individuo. La costituzione brasiliana del 1988, detta “Carta del Cittadino”, fu strumentale a quella ingiustizia.</p>
<p>Che ha un nome: L’amnestia, la <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l6683.htm">legge numero 6.683 del 1970</a>. Il problema non fu tanto la grazia concessa ai prigionieri politici, cosa giusta e nobile, ma il relativo contraccambio: Il governo distribuì grazie anche ai suoi stessi funzionari in una sorta di “auto-amnistia”.</p>
<p>Alle vittime e ai loro familiari fu negata la speranza di vedere un giorno i loro aggressori condannati per queste violazioni del loro diritti; che per loro non erano un semplice termine in gergo tecnico ma dolore e sofferenza causati da uomini che erano agli ordini delle autorità, questo terribile strumento di ratifica e insensibilità; come nel <a href="http://https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperimento_Milgram">famoso esperimento di Stanley Milgram</a>. La speranza è l’ultima a morire, è vero, ma lo stato che perdona se stesso è la pena capitale applicata alla speranza.</p>
<p>L’attuale diritto internazionale mostra un rispetto esagerato per la “sovranità statale” (non riconosce il diritto alla secessione, ad esempio), ma fortunatamente riconosce il dovere degli stati di rispettare i diritti umani fondamentali. Lo stato brasiliano ha accettato la giurisdizione della Corte Inter-Americana per i Diritti Umani in materia di violazioni dei diritti umani.</p>
<p>Nel caso <a href="http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_219_por.pdf">Gomes Lund e altri (“Afaguaia Guerrilla”) vs. Brasile</a>, l’accusa rivolta allo stato brasiliano fu di non aver condonato i crimini commessi dai suoi funzionari, nonostante il fatto che “le amnistie per gravi violazioni dei diritti umani siano incompatibili con il diritto internazionale”, e per questo fu condannato. Ecco perché turba un po’ vedere sedicenti “libertari” criticare iniziative come la Commissione Nazionale per la Verità o il processo contro funzionari del regime, come se fossero questioni che importano solo alla sinistra.</p>
<p>Accertare i fatti, e dunque punire i crimini, è libertario. Nessuno stato ha il diritto di ritagliarsi una deroga per i suoi stessi crimini. Come si può considerare giusto il fatto che un regime commetta crimini barbari e ne esca pulito solo perché il governo ne ha decretato l’onesta? Solo un sostenitore convinto dello stato, solo chi lo vede come un dio in terra, potrebbe ragionare così.</p>
<p>Le vittime sono vittime, a prescindere dall’affiliazione politica. Il loro sangue deve essere riscattato. Come può uno stato dichiarare che le vittime non hanno il diritto di vedere processati i loro aguzzini? Non si può essere libertari e credere che un’organizzazione criminale professionista possa legittimamente perdonare i crimini dei suoi funzionari semplicemente perché si chiama “stato”.</p>
<p>Fare luce su crimini come assassinî, mutilazioni e occultamenti di cadavere non è una manovra di sinistra; è una norma basilare del vivere civile. Non si può essere libertari senza sostenere queste cose.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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		<title>Can the State Pardon Itself?</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/25885</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/25885#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Apr 2014 18:00:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valdenor Júnior]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amnesty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military dictatorship]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Truth Comission]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pardon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Portuguese]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[redemocratization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[repression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-amnesty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spanish]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stateless Embassies]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[A retired colonel was heard on March 25th by Brazil&#8217;s National Truth Commission (Comissão Nacional da Verdade) to clarify how &#8220;political prisoners were tortured&#8221; and identify &#8220;who was alive when they arrived, who died and who is still missing, as well as the torturers&#8221; from Casa da Morte (&#8220;Death House&#8221;), an underground center for repression located...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A retired colonel was heard on March 25th by Brazil&#8217;s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Truth_Commission" target="_blank">National Truth Commission</a> (Comissão Nacional da Verdade) to clarify how &#8220;political prisoners were tortured&#8221; and identify &#8220;who was alive when they arrived, who died and who is still missing, as well as the torturers&#8221; from Casa da Morte (&#8220;Death House&#8221;), an underground center for repression located in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, during the country&#8217;s military regime. The Truth Commission has been investigating violations of human rights during the dictatorship, but many have criticized it as an underhanded instrument used by  leftists to advance their agenda.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s turn back the clock. Fifty years ago, a coup d&#8217;état in Brazil kicked off the military dictatorship. Its officers, acting in stark opposition to the law, committed torture, forged suicides and made hundreds of people go &#8220;missing.&#8221; The transition to civil government is guilty of favoring &#8220;slow, gradual, and secure redemocratization&#8221; over individual rights. The Brazilian Constitution of 1988, so called &#8220;Citizen&#8217;s Document,&#8221; was an instrument of that injustice.</p>
<p>It has a name: The amnesty law, <a href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L6683.htm" target="_blank">law number 6,683 from 1970</a>. The problem wasn&#8217;t in pardoning political prisoners – which is fair and noble – but in its quid pro quo: The government gave out pardons to the violent crimes of its own officers in a kind of &#8220;self-amnesty.&#8221;</p>
<p>Victims and their family members were denied any hope of one day seeing the aggressors convicted for brutal violations of rights – which, for them, was not just a piece of technical jargon, but real pain and suffering in the hands of men who obeyed the command of authority, this terrible instrument of validation and insensitivity, as shown by <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experi%C3%AAncia_de_Milgram" target="_blank">the famous experiment carried out by Stanley Milgram</a>. Hope dies last, but the state&#8217;s pardon of its own is hope&#8217;s capital punishment.</p>
<p>Current international law has an exaggerated deference for &#8220;states&#8217; sovereignty&#8221; (it doesn&#8217;t recognize the right of free secession, for instance),  but fortunately it recognizes that states must respect basic human rights. The Brazilian state has accepted the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights to judge reports of human rights violations.</p>
<p>In the case <i><a href="http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_219_por.pdf" target="_blank">Gomes Lund and others (&#8220;Araguaia Guerilla&#8221;) vs. Brazil</a></i>, the Brazilian state was accused for having pardoned the crimes of its agents, despite the &#8220;incompatibility of amnesties of grave violations of human rights with international law,&#8221; and was convicted. That is why it is a little unsettling when people who consider themselves &#8220;libertarians&#8221; criticize initiatives such as the National Truth Commission or the criminal prosecution of agents of the regime, as if they were issues only the far left could care about.</p>
<p>To ascertain what happened and punish crimes accordingly is libertarian. No state should have the right to waive punishment for its own crimes. How can it be fair that officers who work for a regime commit barbarian crimes and in the end go about their lives unscathed, because the government has decreed it was all fair game? Only adamant advocates of the state, who see it as a god on earth, would be able to think so.</p>
<p>Victims are victims &#8212; it doesn&#8217;t matter whether they are from one or another political affiliation. Their bloodshed must be vindicated. How can a state claim the victims don&#8217;t have the right to have their tormentors prosecuted? It is not possible to be a libertarian and believe that a professional criminal organization has the legitimacy to pardon the crimes of its agents just because it labels itself &#8220;the state.&#8221;</p>
<p>Clarifying crimes such as murder, mutilation and concealing of dead bodies is not a leftist maneuver &#8212; it&#8217;s basic human decency. You can&#8217;t be a libertarian if you don&#8217;t stand for it.</p>
<p>Translations for this article:</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian, <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26248" target="_blank">Lo Stato Può Perdonare Se Stesso</a>?</li>
<li>Spanish, ¿<a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26211" target="_blank">Puede el estado perdonarse a sí mismo</a>?</li>
</ul>
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