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		<title>End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty on Feed 44</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/33333</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Nov 2014 00:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[James Tuttle]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Feed 44]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[C4SS Feed 44 presents Grant A. Mincy&#8216;s “End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty” read by Christopher B. King and edited by Nick Ford. Thanks to Carmen Segarra, however, we now have some keen insight to the inner operations of the Federal Reserve System. Segarra was recently employed at the New York Fed as a bank examiner, charged...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>C4SS Feed 44 presents <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/grant-mincy" target="_blank">Grant A. Mincy</a>&#8216;s “<a href="http://c4ss.org/content/32366" target="_blank">End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty</a>” read by Christopher B. King and edited by Nick Ford.</p>
<p><iframe width="500" height="375" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/7znscr93xLw?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>Thanks to Carmen Segarra, however, we now have some keen insight to the inner operations of the Federal Reserve System.</p>
<p>Segarra was recently employed at the New York Fed as a bank examiner, charged with ensuring the bank followed internal regulations and conducting “oversight” of the economic powerhouse. During her tenure, Segarra grew suspicious the Fed was rather lenient with powerful, well-connected investment banks — notably Goldman Sachs (a key player in the 2008 financial crisis). To document her concerns she recorded 46 hours of private meetings and conversations. Her recordings reveal the Fed is, in fact, rather cozy with the financial institutions it’s supposed to regulate.</p>
<p>With evidence in hand, Segarra voiced her objections.</p>
<p>She was soon fired.</p>
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		<title>Chiudete la Fed: L’Economia della Libertà</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/32748</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2014 11:00:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Grant A. Mincy]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[La Federal Reserve ha l’incarico di mettere in pratica la politica monetaria americana. Considerato che dirige la più grande potenza economica mondiale, la Fed è ai vertici delle istituzioni di potere. Anche se guida la politica monetaria pubblica, la Fed è in gran parte privata. Dunque si muove in segreto, in assenza di controlli pubblici....]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" target="_blank">Federal Reserve</a> ha l’incarico di mettere in pratica la politica monetaria americana. Considerato che dirige la più grande potenza economica mondiale, la Fed è ai vertici delle istituzioni di potere. Anche se guida la politica monetaria pubblica, la Fed è in gran parte privata. Dunque si muove in segreto, in assenza di controlli pubblici. Grazie a <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/so-who-is-carmen-segarra-a-fed-whistleblower-qa" target="_blank">Carmen Segarra</a>, però, ora possiamo dare uno sguardo all’interno della <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" target="_blank">Federal Reserve</a>.</p>
<p>Qualche tempo fa, la Segarra è stata assunta dalla Fed di New York come esaminatore bancario, cioè con il compito di controllare che la banca seguisse tutti i regolamenti interni e di “supervisionare” questa centrale di potere economico. Durante il suo lavoro, la Segarra ha cominciato a sospettare una certa condiscendenza della Fed con le banche d’investimento che avevano buone amicizie; soprattutto la Goldman Sachs, <a href="http://documents.nytimes.com/goldman-sachs-internal-emails" target="_blank">protagonista chiave</a> della crisi finanziaria nel 2008. Per confermare i suoi sospetti, ha registrato 46 ore di incontri privati e conversazioni. Le registrazioni rivelano un atteggiamento piuttosto accomodante della Fed con le istituzioni finanziarie che avrebbe dovuto controllare. Prove alla mano, la Segarra ha dato voce alla sua protesta. È stata subito licenziata.</p>
<p>La donna è andata ad aggiungersi ai ranghi di altri informatori e ha passato le registrazioni a Jake Bernstein, <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/carmen-segarras-secret-recordings-from-inside-new-york-fed" target="_blank">un giornalista investigativo di ProPublica</a>, e <a href="http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/536/the-secret-recordings-of-carmen-segarra" target="_blank">al programma radiofonico <em>This American Life</em></a>. In un’intervista con l’emittente Npr, Bernstein nota: “Questa è gente che lavora dentro le banche. Incontra queste persone tutti i giorni, ha bisogno di informazioni dalle banche. È più facile ottenerle se si hanno amici e buone relazioni, ma a volte si scade nell’ossequio.” Le registrazioni rivelano molte cose, come gli accordi segreti definiti “oscuri” dagli stessi <a href="http://www.thinkadvisor.com/2014/10/01/regulatory-capture-by-wall-street-caught-on-tape" target="_blank">rappresentanti della Fed</a>, e rivelano la cultura corrotta che regna nella banca centrale.</p>
<p>“Scadere nell’ossequio” non è il termine appropriato. Meglio chiamarlo furto. La popolazione è derubata della propria libertà di agire e della propria sicurezza. Un furto sotto forma di salvataggi bancari e di una politica economica basata sul “troppo grande per fallire”, a vantaggio del capitalismo di stato.</p>
<p>Dopo le rivelazioni, il senatore democratico Elizabeth Warren, del Massachusetts, ha <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/28/elizabeth-warren-new-york-fed_n_5896778.html" target="_blank">invocato</a> un’indagine sulla corruzione della Fed. Assieme a lei il suo collega democratico Sherrod Brown. Illusioni.</p>
<p>Sono tantissimi anni che le grandi aziende e il settore finanziario godono di privilegi economici garantiti dallo stato con la premessa che queste istituzioni sono indispensabili alla società. La finanza è separata ma allo stesso tempo legata profondamente allo stato. Questo significa che l’economia della nazione è connessa direttamente con queste istituzioni. Questi legami danno forza ad un’economia politica corporativa in cui lo stato ha interesse diretto a far sì che queste concentrazioni di capitale, oggi definite “troppo grandi per fallire”, abbiano successo. Se vuole conservarsi in salute, lo stato deve garantire la stabilità del capitalismo.</p>
<p>Le normative appaiono così come uno spreco di tempo, energie e denaro pubblico.</p>
<p>Noi che apparteniamo alla sinistra di mercato siamo contrari a queste concentrazioni di potere e capitali, che in primo luogo permettono l’esistenza di istituzioni “troppo grandi per fallire”. Crediamo che spetti al potere della società, liberato dalla simbiosi stato-capitale, guidare il mercato. Immaginiamo un sistema economico e di governance decentralizzato e partecipativo. In una società basata sulla libertà personale e di associazione non c’è posto per il potere.</p>
<p>Chi è a capo della Fed, così come gli altri presunti controllori, crede di poter programmare l’economia. Il loro problema è che il mercato, come tutto ciò che dipende dal comportamento umano, non è fatto per essere programmato: il mercato è spontaneo. La volontà di controllare l’economia porta necessariamente all’ingabbiamento dell’attività umana e dell’innovazione. In un mercato liberato, al contrario, il potere sarebbe diffuso tra tutti, e questo richiederebbe libertà di agire e di seguire le proprie inclinazioni. È tempo di chiudere la Fed e di mettere in pratica un’economia basata sulla libertà.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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		<title>End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/32366</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2014 18:00:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Grant A. Mincy]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The Federal Reserve is responsible for implementing US monetary policy. As it directs the world&#8217;s largest economy, the Fed earns top rank among powerful institutions. Though the central bank guides state monetary policy, the Fed is largely a private institution. As such, bank operations move in secrecy, absent of oversight from the public arena. Thanks...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The <a title="Federal Reserve System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System">Federal Reserve</a> is responsible for implementing US monetary policy. As it directs the world&#8217;s largest economy, the Fed earns top rank among powerful institutions. Though the central bank guides state monetary policy, the Fed is largely a private institution. As such, bank operations move in secrecy, absent of oversight from the public arena. Thanks to <a title="So Who is Carmen Segarra? A Fed Whistleblower Q&amp;A" href="http://www.propublica.org/article/so-who-is-carmen-segarra-a-fed-whistleblower-qa">Carmen Segarra</a>, however, we now have some keen insight to the inner operations of the <a title="Federal Reserve System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System">Federal Reserve System</a>.</p>
<p>Segarra was recently employed at the New York Fed as a bank examiner, charged with ensuring the bank followed internal regulations and conducting &#8220;oversight&#8221; of the economic powerhouse. During her tenure, Segarra grew suspicious the Fed was rather lenient with powerful, well-connected investment banks &#8212; notably Goldman Sachs (a <a title="Goldman Sachs and the Financial Crisis" href="http://documents.nytimes.com/goldman-sachs-internal-emails">key player</a> in the 2008 financial crisis). To document her concerns she recorded 46 hours of private meetings and conversations. Her recordings reveal the Fed is, in fact, rather cozy with the financial institutions it&#8217;s supposed to regulate. With evidence in hand, Segarra voiced her objections. She was soon fired.</p>
<p>Segarra joined the ranks of other whistle-blowers and leaked her recordings to Jake Bernstein, <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/carmen-segarras-secret-recordings-from-inside-new-york-fed" target="_blank">an investigative reporter from <em>ProPublica</em></a>, and to the <a href="http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/536/the-secret-recordings-of-carmen-segarra" target="_blank">public radio program, <em>This American Life</em></a>. In an interview with NPR, Bernstein notes: &#8220;These are people who work inside the banks. They see these people every day, and they need to obtain the information from these banks, and it&#8217;s easier to obtain the information if you&#8217;re friendly and if you have a good relationship, but sometimes that can slide to deference.&#8221; The tapes reveal much, such as back-room deals described as &#8220;shady&#8221; <a title="‘Regulatory Capture’ by Wall Street Caught on Tape?" href="http://www.thinkadvisor.com/2014/10/01/regulatory-capture-by-wall-street-caught-on-tape">by Fed officials</a>, but at their heart, the recordings tell the story of a corrupt culture within the central bank.</p>
<p>A &#8220;slide to deference&#8221; is not the proper description. Theft is more accurate. The theft of labor, property and security from the populace, in the form of bailouts and &#8220;too big to fail&#8221; economic policy, for the benefit of the state capitalist system.</p>
<p>Because of the leaks, US Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) <a title="Elizabeth Warren Wants to Investigate the Fed" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/28/elizabeth-warren-new-york-fed_n_5896778.html">is trumpeting the call</a> for a corruption investigation into the Fed. She is joined by her Democratic colleague Sherrod Brown. Such calls are folly.</p>
<p>State-sanctioned economic privilege has long been granted to big business and the financial sector under the premise that these institutions are necessary for social organization. The financial sector is separate from, but intimately related with, the state. As such, the economy of the nation-state is directly linked to these institutions. This relationship forges a corporatist political economy where the state has direct interest in the success of these now “too big to fail” concentrations of capital &#8212; the state must keep capitalism stable for its own preservation..</p>
<p>Regulation is thus a waste of time, energy and taxpayer dollars.</p>
<p>Those of us on the market left, however, oppose the very concentrations of power and capital that allow &#8220;too big to fail&#8221; institutions to exist in the first place. We believe social power, liberated of state-capital symbiosis, should steer the market. We envision decentralized and participatory systems of governance and economics. There is no room for archism in a social order of liberty and free association.</p>
<p>Those that head the Fed, and other would-be regulators, imagine they can design economic systems. The problem is markets, like all human behavior, are not structured for the command and control mentality &#8212; markets are spontaneous. The desire for control of economic systems necessarily requires the restriction of human labor and innovation. The liberated market, in contrast, with power diffused to the public arena, requires liberty and the inclined labor of human-beings. It&#8217;s far past time we end the Fed and actualize the economics of liberty.</p>
<p>Translations for this article:</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian, <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/32748" target="_blank">Chiudete la Fed: L’Economia della Libertà</a>.</li>
</ul>
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		<title>A Rand Paul Presidency would be a Disaster for Liberty and Libertarianism</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/31490</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Sep 2014 23:00:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Rand Paul has been touted as a libertarian Republican. In spite of the fact that he has claimed to not be a libertarian. This claim is also peculiar due to his statements about not wanting to end the War on Drugs. Not to mention his promotion of a &#8220;pro-life&#8221; anti-abortion rights bill. And his lack of...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Rand Paul has been <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/06/10/rand-paul-and-the-rise-of-the-libertarian-republican/">touted</a> as a libertarian Republican. In spite of the fact that he has <a href="http://www.economicpolicyjournal.com/2012/06/rand-paul-i-am-not-libertarian.html">claimed</a> to not be a libertarian. This claim is also peculiar due to his <a href="http://reason.com/blog/2013/05/13/rand-paul-assures-evangelicals-that-he-d">statements</a> about not wanting to end the War on Drugs. Not to mention his <a href="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/03/17/sen-rand-paul-introduces-fetal-personhood-bill-to-outlaw-abortion/">promotion</a> of a &#8220;pro-life&#8221; anti-abortion rights bill. And his lack of <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Government/2014/06/12/Op-Ed-Secure-the-Border">belief</a> in a borderless world. These are all positions contrary to radical libertarian principle.</p>
<p>Not only would we see a violation of said principle from a Rand Paul presidency, it would help sustain the present perception amongst many non-libertarians that libertarianism is reactionary. This will make it more difficult for left-libertarians to reach out to the non-libertarian left. Something not at all good for our cause.</p>
<p>Genuinely radical libertarian politics doesn&#8217;t require a constitutional conservative savior to coming to our rescue. It requires bottom up direct action. And this is precisely what a preoccupation with the presidency as a mechanism for change ignores. It can only contribute to a bizarre &#8220;libertarian&#8221; cult of personality surrounding the holder of executive power.</p>
<p>Such cults of personality have wreaked major havoc throughout human history. Mao and Stalin worship come to mind. Libertarians should strive to avoid a repeat of this. Of course, Rand Paul is not proposing Stalinism or Maoism, but, a cult of persona surrounding him could lead to him getting away with the liberty destroying measures mentioned above.</p>
<p>Presidential politics is just not the right thing for libertarians to be involved with. One only need look at the deference shown towards Obama and George W. Bush by their respective partisans. They can literally get away with murder due to the respect offered them.</p>
<p>The transcendence of aforementioned presidential politics is key to the project of liberty. A commander in chief is fit for a militarized society, but, not an egalitarian one. Industrial organization such as that championed by friends of liberty calls for equality rather than hierarchies of command. A Rand Paul presidency would be a setback for that project. It would wrap the mantle of the presidency in the aura of liberty. Something that would lead to disaster for actual freedom.</p>
<p>In lieu of voting for Rand Paul, libertarians can work to create liberty by labor organizing, copwatch programs, and other such grassroots efforts. All of this will do far more to help the most disadvantaged members of society than a Rand Paul presidency would.</p>
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		<title>The Weekly Libertarian Leftist And Chess Review 36</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/28335</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/28335#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2014 23:00:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stigmergy - C4SS Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weekly Libertarian Leftist Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghan War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[barack obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[basic income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dick Cheney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dirty Wars]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eric Cantor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gitmo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hague]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISIS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[left libertarianism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[libertarian socialism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Libyan War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nation-building]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national security state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.s. intervention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://c4ss.org/?p=28335</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ivan Eland discusses why there should be no more U.S. intervention in Iraq. Sheldon Richman discusses how the non-interventionists told you so about the Iraq War. Vijay Prashad discusses the ISIS folks in Iraq. Charles Hugh Smith discusses why George W. Bush and Obama&#8217;s presidencies are the two most destructive in U.S. history. Jacob G....]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ivan-eland/no-more-us-intervention-i_b_5499740.html">Ivan Eland discusses why there should be no more U.S. intervention in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://fff.org/explore-freedom/article/the-noninterventionists-told-you-so/">Sheldon Richman discusses how the non-interventionists told you so about the Iraq War.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/17/iraqs-night-is-long/">Vijay Prashad discusses the ISIS folks in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://davidstockmanscontracorner.com/the-most-destructive-presidencies-in-u-s-history-george-w-bush-and-barack-h obama/utm_source=wysija&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Mailing+List+PMTuesday">Charles Hugh Smith discusses why George W. Bush and Obama&#8217;s presidencies are the two most destructive in U.S. history. </a></p>
<p><a href="http://fff.org/2014/06/18/nation-building-with-a-national-security-state/">Jacob G. Hornberger discusses nation-building with a national-security state.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/up_close_and_personal_with_george_w_bushs_horrifying_legacy_20140618">Robert Scheer discusses Bush&#8217;s horrific Iraqi legacy. It&#8217;s a bit too Obama friendly but still good.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://blog.evesun.com/2014/06/15/overview-of-dirty-wars/">Sami Gillette discusses the movie, <em>Dirty Wars</em>.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28234">David S. D&#8217;Amato discusses why government is not just what we do together.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28323">Roderick Long presents the abstract for a paper on left-libertarianism.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/18/military-intervention-iraq-beggars-belief">Simon Jenkins discusses further military intervention in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/eland/2014/06/17/the-worst-effect-of-the-afghan-war/">Ivan Eland discusses the worst effect of the Afghan War.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2014/06/17/iraq-will-the-neocons-get-away-with-it-again/">Justin Raimondo discusses whether the neocons will get away with more military intervention in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/17/the-forgotten-fight-against-fascism/">William Loren Katz discusses the forgotten fight against fascism.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/18/the-baghdad-fear-index/">Patrick Cockburn discusses the Baghdad fear index.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/24452-obama-on-the-brink-war-or-peace">Marjorie Cohn discusses Obama on the brink of war or peace.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/24462-dick-cheney-should-be-rotting-in-the-hague-not-writing-editorials">The Daily Take Team from The Thom Hartmann Program discusses why Cheney should be rotting at the Hague rather than writing editorials.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://libertyunbound.com/node/1264">Stephen Cox discusses isolationism and Iraq. I am not an isolationist, but this has some good points.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/06/laurence-m-vance/is-left-libertarianism-just-statism/">Laurence Vance discusses the &#8220;libertarian&#8221; statism he sees behind the proposal for a basic income.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.libertarianism.org/columns/libertarian-case-basic-income">Matt Zwolinski discusses the libertarian case for a basic income. This is provided to provide a contrast to the position above. You can judge for yourself.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/archives/2014/06/17/will-anybody-really-miss-eric-cantor">Nick Gillespie discusses whether anyone will really miss Eric Cantor.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/archives/2014/06/17/dont-do-stupid-stuff-is-smart-foreign-po">Gene Healy discusses why don&#8217;t do stupid stuff is smart foreign policy advice.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://thoughtsonliberty.com/what-is-libertarian-socialism">Gina O&#8217;Neil-Santiago discusses what libertarian socialism is.</a></p>
<p><a href="https://medium.com/p/3b8026bd1879">Dan Sanchez discusses how statism drove Iraqis into the arms of terrorists.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/three-troubling-lessons-from-the-latest-u-s-drone-strikes-20140617">John Knefel discusses the War on Terror.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://coreyrobin.com/2014/06/19/an-imperial-shit/">Corey Robin discusses feelings about humanitarian intervention, imperialism, and militarism.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/keeping_americas_baghdad_swimming_pools_safe_from_fanatics_20140617">William Pfaff discusses Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/19/liberals-and-gitmo/">Justin Dolittle discusses Gitmo and liberals.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/19/obama-wants-maliki-out/">Patrick Cockburn discusses how Obama wants the Iraqi prime minister to leave.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1003826">Savielly Tartakower defeats Geza Maroczy.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1001854">Johannes Zukertort beats Joesph Henry Blackburne.</a></p>
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		<title>The Weekly Libertarian Leftist And Chess Review 35</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/28197</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/28197#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2014 23:00:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stigmergy - C4SS Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Weekly Libertarian Leftist Review]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anti-war movement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[army]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Big Box Stores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bill of Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drafted]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Edmund Burke]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hayek]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq war]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juggalos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juvenile prisons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[left libertarianism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[progressive]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[state]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Thomas Paine]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Patrick Cockburn discusses the recent Islamic fundamentalist takeovers of parts of Iraq Justin Raimondo discusses the possibility of a third Iraq War. Nick Sibilia discusses how cops in Texas steal millions. Robert Fisk discusses how the Iraq crisis was created by Bush and Blair plus bankrolled by Saudi Arabia. Uri Avnery discusses how Israel is...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/13/why-the-new-iraq-war-could-be-more-savage-than-the-last/">Patrick Cockburn discusses the recent Islamic fundamentalist takeovers of parts of Iraq</a></p>
<p><a href="http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2014/06/12/iraq-war-iii/">Justin Raimondo discusses the possibility of a third Iraq War.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/06/no_author/how-cops-steal-millions/">Nick Sibilia discusses how cops in Texas steal millions.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/view/2014/06/13-7">Robert Fisk discusses how the Iraq crisis was created by Bush and Blair plus bankrolled by Saudi Arabia.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/13/israel-an-army-that-has-a-state/">Uri Avnery discusses how Israel is an army that has a state.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://fff.org/explore-freedom/article/tgif-we-were-warned-about-the-rise-of-empire/">Sheldon Richman discusses how we were warned about the rise of empire.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.libertarianism.org/publications/essays/thomas-paine-versus-edmund-burke-part-8">George H. Smith discusses Thomas Paine vs Edmund Burke. This is the eighth part of his series on the two.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/06/eric-margolis/saddam-hussein-was-right/">Eric Margolis discusses the current situation in Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://mises.org/daily/6780/You-Didnt-Consent-to-be-the-States-Victim">Walter Block discusses how you can&#8217;t consent to be the state&#8217;s victim.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/06/david-stockman/bagman-for-the-crony-military-complex/">David Stockman discusses Eric Cantor.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28153">Kevin Carson discusses organizing high speed internet service through consumer cooperatives.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.alternet.org/books/qa-nell-bernstein-her-book-burning-down-house-end-juvenile-prison?akid=11919.150780.XrrY6E&amp;rd=1&amp;src=newsletter1003005&amp;t=7&amp;paging=off&amp;current_page=1#bookmark">Alyssa Figueroa interviews Neil Bernstein on her book about abolishing juvenile prisons.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175855/tomgram%3A_william_astore%2C_drafted_by_the_national_security_state/#more">William Astore discusses how we are all drafted by the national security state.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28216">Kevin Carson explains left-libertarianism.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/175856/tomgram%3A_peter_van_buren%2C_rip%2C_the_bill_of_rights/#more">Peter Van Buren discusses the end of the Bill of Rights.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article38820.htm">Patrick Cockburn discusses state of Iraq and what the U.S. can do about it.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/16/mass-executions-push-iraq-towards-sectarian-war/">Patrick Cockburn discusses the possibility of sectarian civil war in Iraq happening again.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/16/obama-and-the-iraqi-gordian-knot/">Michael Brenner discusses Obama and Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/16/the-progessive-aka-liberal-antiwar-movement-rip/">John V. Walsh discusses the Progressive anti-war movement.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/06/dan-sanchez/the-unraveling-of-iraq/">Dan Sanchez discusses the unraveling of Iraq and Dick Cheney&#8217;s attitude towards it.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/2014/06/jack-d-douglas/us-puppet-regimes-in-the-muslim-world/">Jack Douglas discusses the U.S. supported tyrannies of the Middle East.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/archives/2014/06/16/five-libertarian-lessons-in-hbos-game-of">Ed Krayeweski discusses 5 libertarian lessons in Game of Thrones.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://fpif.org/genesis-harry-truman-israeli-palestinian-conflict/">Adam Cohen discusses the book, <em>Genesis: Harry Truman and the Israel-Palestinian Conflict</em>.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/archives/2014/06/16/what-went-wrong-in-iraq">Steve Chapman discusses Iraq.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://reason.com/archives/2014/06/15/government-vs-the-juggalos">Paul Detrick discusses the criminalization of Juggalos.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28180">Kevin Carson discusses big box stores and the abuse of Hayek.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://c4ss.org/content/28234">David S. D&#8217;Amato discusses whether government is the things we do together.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://fff.org/2014/06/16/another-interventionist-debacle/">Jacob G. Hornberger discusses the latest Iraq debacle.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1017966">Gregory Kaidanov defeats Viswanathan Anand.</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1573712">Gregory Kaidanov defeats Judit Polgar.</a></p>
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		<title>O que é o libertarianismo de esquerda?</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/28314</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/28314#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2014 00:30:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Carson]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Portuguese]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stateless Embassies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[esquerda libertária]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[história]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ideología]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[left libertarianism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[libertarianismo de esquerda]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[O libertarianismo de esquerda (ou left-libertarianism) tem sido bastante discutido dentro da comunidade libertária recentemente. O termo &#8220;libertário de esquerda&#8221; já foi utilizado de muitas maneiras dentro do discurso político e parece haver certa confusão dentro dos próprios grupos libertários a respeito de quem realmente são os libertários de esquerda. As ideias básicas dos libertários...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>O libertarianismo de esquerda (ou <i>left-libertarianism</i>) tem sido bastante discutido dentro da comunidade libertária recentemente. O termo &#8220;libertário de esquerda&#8221; já foi utilizado de muitas maneiras dentro do discurso político e parece haver certa confusão dentro dos próprios grupos libertários a respeito de quem realmente são os libertários de esquerda.</p>
<p>As ideias básicas dos libertários de esquerda são mais amplas que as defendidas por nós, que fazemos parte da <a href="http://praxeology.net/all-left.htm">Alliance of the Libertarian Left</a> (ALL) e do Centro por uma Sociedade Sem Estado (C4SS). Os anos 1990 foram um momento de crescimento das ideias libertárias orientadas à esquerda e do uso das ideias de livre mercado como armas contra os males do capitalismo corporativo. Vários pensadores desenvolveram, naquele momento, linhas de análise paralelas e independentes, passando a constituir uma grande e diversa tendência ideológica. Porém, quando consideramos o papel desproporcional que a ALL e o C4SS desempenharam no crescimento dessa tendência, devemos explicar o que queremos dizer quando falamos do libertarianismo de esquerda.</p>
<p>O uso mais amplo e antigo do termo &#8220;libertário de esquerda&#8221; (e, talvez, mais familiar àqueles do movimento anarquista como um todo) remonta ao século 19 e inclui praticamente toda a esquerda não-estatista, horizontalista ou descentralista — todos exceto os social-democratas e leninistas, basicamente. O termo originalmente era sinônimo a &#8220;socialista libertário&#8221; ou &#8220;anarquista&#8221; e incluía sindicalistas, comunistas de conselhos, seguidores de Rosa Luxemburgo e Daniel DeLeon, etc. Muitos dos que fazem parte do C4SS também se consideram parte desse grupo mais amplo de libertários de esquerda, embora nós tenhamos em mente uma posição mais específica ao usar esse rótulo.</p>
<p>Para o público geral, o rótulo &#8220;libertário de esquerda&#8221; é mais apropriado para descrever a escola de pensamento representada por <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_Steiner">Hillel Steiner</a> e <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Vallentyne">Peter Vallentyne</a>, entre outros. A maior parte dos adeptos dessa filosofia defendem uma crença na auto-propriedade e no princípio da não-agressão e uma visão mais esquerdista a respeito dos limites que existem na apropriação de bens que fazem parte dos comuns e na aquisição de direitos pela simples mistura do trabalho. É um ponto de vista de forte interseção com o <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George">georgismo</a> ou o <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolibertarianism">geolibertarianismo</a>. Embora essa versão das ideias libertárias de esquerda não seja a mesma que defendemos na ALL e no C4SS — e embora alguns de nossos membros provavelmente seriam contrários a alguns aspectos a ela —, é fácil imaginar que um partidário dessa filosofia se sentiria em casa entre nós.</p>
<p>Dentro da comunidade libertária anglosférica e entre aqueles que se descrevem como &#8220;liberais&#8221; no resto do mundo, o &#8220;libertarianismo de esquerda&#8221; pode ser associado com a aproximação de Murray Rothbard e Karl Hess aos anarquistas dentro do Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) por volta de 1970, que deu origem a movimentos rothbardianos de esquerda como o <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agorismo">agorismo</a>, de Samuel Edward Konkin III. Embora o rothbardismo de esquerda e o agorismo não sejam as posições oficiais da ALL ou do C4SS, é justo dizer que existe certa continuidade institucional com o Movement of the Libertarian Left de Konkin e, além disso, parte significativa de nossos membros vem da tradição rothbardiana e konkinista. Eu não fui desses movimentos. Somos uma coalizão de várias tendências que inclui rothbardianos de esquerda, anarquistas individualistas clássicos na linha do século 19, georgistas e muitas outras tradições.</p>
<p>Há também uma tendência entre os libertários americanos a nos confundir com os &#8220;Bleeding Heart Libertarians&#8221;, que, na verdade, é o nome de um <a href="http://bleedingheartlibertarians.com/">blog em particular</a>. Embora haja bons artigos publicados nele e apesar de terem veiculado alguns artigos nossos, nós não somos bleeding heart libertarians. Eles estão muito mais próximos do fusionismo &#8220;liberaltarian&#8221; (isto é, entre os social-democratas e os libertários americanos), com ideias que variam desde o &#8220;<a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=405940">paternalismo libertário</a>&#8221; de Cass Sunstein à defesa de sweatshops e dos assentamentos israelenses. Além disso, a maioria deles não são anarquistas e nós somos.</p>
<p>Assim, agora que consideramos aquilo que nós, da ALL e do C4SS, não somos e não queremos dizer quando falamos do &#8220;libertarianismo de esquerda&#8221;, o que realmente defendemos? Nós nos chamamos de libertários de esquerda, primeiramente, porque pretendemos recuperar as raízes de livre mercado do libertarianismo de livre mercado e, em segundo lugar, porque queremos mostrar a relevância e utilidade do pensamento de livre mercado para lidar com as preocupações da esquerda contemporânea.</p>
<p>O liberalismo clássico e o movimento socialista clássico do começo do século 19 tinham raízes comuns no Iluminismo. O liberalismo de Adam Smith, David Ricardo e outros economistas políticos clássicos era essencialmente um ataque esquerdista aos privilégios econômicos das oligarquias estabelecidas whig e ao mercantilismo dos detentores do dinheiro.</p>
<p>Com a derrota dos senhores de terras e dos mercantilistas whig no século 19 pelos industrialistas, que assumiram posições predominantes dentro do estado, o liberalismo clássico gradualmente tomou as feições de uma apologia aos interesses do capital industrial. Mesmo assim, as linhagens de esquerda — e até socialistas — do pensamento de livre mercado continuaram a sobreviver às margens do liberalismo.</p>
<p>Thomas Hodgskin, liberal clássico que escreveu dos anos 1820 até os anos 1860, também era um socialista que considerava rendas, lucros e juros como retornos monopolísticos sobre direitos de propriedade artificiais. Josiah Warren, Benjamin Tucker e outros individualistas americanos também defendiam um socialismo de livre mercado em que a competição sem restrições destruiria rendas, lucros e juros e garantiria que o &#8220;pagamento natural do trabalho&#8221; fosse seu produto. Muitos anarquistas individualistas associados com o jornal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_(1881%E2%80%931908)">Liberty</a>, de Benjamin Tucker, eram próximos a associações trabalhistas e socialistas radicais, como os Kinghts of Labor, a International Workingmen&#8217;s Association e a Western Federation of Miners.</p>
<p>Essa tendência dentro do libertarianismo também estava dentro da esquerda cultural, com laços fortes com movimentos pela abolição da escravidão e pela igualdade racial, pelo feminismo e pela liberdade sexual.</p>
<p>Com os conflitos de classe do final do século 19, a retórica de &#8220;livre mercado&#8221; e &#8220;livre empresa&#8221; dentro da política americana passou a ser associada cada vez mais à defesa militante do poder do capital corporativo contra os movimentos populistas trabalhistas e agrários radicais. Ao mesmo tempo, a divisão interna no movimento anarquista entre comunistas e individualistas deixou os individualistas suscetíveis à colonização pela direita. No século 20, o &#8220;libertarianismo de livre mercado&#8221; veio a ser associado a defesas direitistas do capitalismo por Ludwig von Mises e Ayn Rand. A tradição individualista sobrevivente foi perdendo o seu caráter esquerdista, pró-trabalhista e culturalmente socialista, adotando características da direita.</p>
<p>No entanto, sobreviveram algumas tradições da esquerda dentro do libertarianismo americano. Em particular, georgistas e semi-georgistas como Bolton Hall, Albert Jay Nock e Ralph Borsodi continuaram a atuar até meados do século 20.</p>
<p>Nós, na esquerda libertária, consideramos absolutamente perverso que as ideias libertárias de livre mercado, uma doutrina que se originou como ataque aos privilégios econômicos de latifundiários e grandes mercadores, tenha sido cooptado e transformado numa defesa do poder estabelecido da plutocracia. O uso do &#8220;livre mercado&#8221; como ideologia legitimizadora para o capitalismo corporativo e o crescimento dos propagandistas &#8220;libertários&#8221; é uma perversão tão grande dos princípios de livre mercado quanto os símbolos e a retórica dos regimes stalinistas foram uma perversão dos valores do movimento dos trabalhadores.</p>
<p>O sistema industrial capitalista que os libertários têm defendido desde o século 19 nunca se aproximou de um livre mercado. O capitalismo, enquanto sistema histórico que surgiu no começo da Idade Moderna, é, em vários aspectos, um desenvolvimento direto do <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastard_feudalism">feudalismo bastardo</a> do final da Idade Média. Foi fundado na dissolução dos campos abertos, no cercamento dos comuns e em outras expropriações dos camponeses. Na Inglaterra, não só a população rural foi transformada em um proletariado destituído e empurrados para o trabalho assalariado, mas sua liberdade de associação e de ir e vir foram criminalizadas pelo estado policial durante as primeiras duas décadas do século 19.</p>
<p>A nível global, o capitalismo se tornou um sistema mundial através da ocupação colonial, da expropriação e da escravização de grande parte do Sul. Dezenas e centenas de milhões de camponeses foram expulsos de suas terras pelos poderes coloniais e levados ao mercado de trabalho assalariado. Suas propriedades prévias foram transformadas em plantações voltadas para o comércio, em uma reprise do que havia acontecido durante os cercamentos na Grã-Bretanha. Não só na época colonial, mas também nos períodos pós-coloniais, a terra e os recursos naturais do Terceiro Mundo foram cercados e saqueados pelos interesses empresariais do Ocidente. A concentração atual das terras no Terceiro Mundo nas mãos das elites latifundiárias e de petróleo e recursos minerais nas mãos de corporações ocidentais são legado direto de 400 anos de roubos coloniais e neocoloniais.</p>
<p>Nós, da esquerda libertária, como entendemos esse termo no C4SS, queremos retomar os princípios de livre mercado das mãos dos apologistas dos grandes negócios e da plutocracia e colocá-lo de volta a serviço de seu propósito original: um ataque radical aos interesses econômicos e às classes privilegiadas de nosso tempo. Se o liberalismo clássico de Smith e Ricardo era um ataque ao poder dos oligarcas whigs e dos interesses empresariais, nosso libertarianismo de esquerda é um ataque a seu correspondente contemporâneo: o capitalismo financeiro global e as corporações transnacionais. Nós repudiamos o papel do libertarianismo mainstream na defesa do capitalismo corporativo do século 20 e sua aliança com o conservadorismo.</p>
<p>Nós, da esquerda libertária, também queremos demonstrar a relevância dos princípios de livre mercado, da livre associação e da cooperação voluntária para lidar com as preocupações da esquerda atual: a injustiça econômica, a concentração e a polarização da riqueza, a exploração do trabalho, a poluição, o desperdício e a poluição, o poder corporativo e as formas estruturais de opressão, como o racismo, o sexismo, a homofobia e a transfobia.</p>
<p>Onde ocorreram roubos ou injustiças, nós nos colocamos radicalmente pela restituição total. Onde persiste o poder das elites neofeudais, nós tratamos suas terras como legítimas propriedades daqueles cujos antepassados as usaram e cultivaram. Os camponeses despejados de terras para dar lugar às colheitas da Cargill e da ADM devem ter suas terras restauradas. As haciendas na América Latina devem ser abertas para apropriação imediata dos camponeses sem terras. Os direitos de propriedade a terras vagas e não utilizadas nos Estados Unidos e em outras sociedades colonizadoras devem ser anulados. Em casos em que as terras originalmente tomadas por esses títulos ilegítimos são cultivadas atualmente por arrendatários ou locatários, o título de propriedade deve ser transferido para eles. Direitos de propriedade de corporações a minas, florestas e campos petrolíferos obtidos através de roubos coloniais devem ser declarados nulos.</p>
<p>Uma lista mínima de demandas do libertarianismo de esquerda deve incluir a abolição de todos os direitos de propriedade artificiais, de toda a escassez artificial, todos os monopólios, barreiras de entrada, cartéis regulatórios e subsídios através dos quais toda a lista de corporações que compõe a Fortune 500 adquire seus lucros. Deve incluir o fim a todos os títulos de proprietários ausentes a terras vagas, de todos os monopólios de &#8220;propriedade intelectual&#8221; e todas as restrições à livre competição na emissão de moeda e crédito ou da adoção de todos os meios de troca escolhido pelas partes de uma transação. Por exemplo, a abolição de patentes e marcas registradas acabaria com todas as barreiras que impedem que as empresas terceirizadas pela Nike na Ásia produzam imediatamente tênis idênticos e os vendam à população local a uma pequena fração de seu preço tabelado. Seria um fim imediato a todas as restrições à produção e venda de versões concorrentes de medicamentos sob patentes, com frequência por até 5% do preço. Queremos que a fração dos preços dos bens e serviços que consista de rendas advindas de propriedades artificiais de ideias ou técnicas — que compõem a maior parte do preço total em muitos casos — suma face à competição.</p>
<p>Nosso programa também deve incluir um fim a todas as barreiras artificiais ao auto-emprego, aos negócios caseiros, à construção de casas por conta própria e a outros meios de subsistência de baixo custo — que incluem leis de licenciamento, zoneamento e regulamentações de segurança. Deve também incluir um fim a todas as restrições ao direito de o trabalho se organizar e a negar seus serviços sob qualquer circunstância e organizar boicotes. Também devemos defender um fim a todos os privilégios legais que dão aos sindicatos estabelecidos o direito de restringir greves sem aviso prévio e outras ações diretas empreendidas pelos trabalhadores.</p>
<p>No caso da poluição e do esgotamento dos recursos naturais, o programa libertário de esquerda deve incluir o fim de todo acesso à terra pelas indústrias extrativas (isto é, a união entre o <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management">Bureau of Land Management dos Estados Unidos</a> e as empresas de exploração de petróleo, mineiras, madeireiras e pecuárias), o fim de todos os subsídios ao consumo de energia e ao transporte (incluindo um fim aos subsídios ao transporte aéreo e rodoviário e o fim das expropriações para dar lugar a aeroportos e estradas), o fim das expropriações para dar lugar a oleodutos e gasodutos, a eliminação de todos limites legais de responsabilização penal para corporações por derramamentos de óleo e outros tipos de poluição, o fim da doutrina que estipula que padrões regulatórios mínimos substituem padrões mais severos de responsabilização penal do direito comum e uma restauração da responsabilidade ilimitada(que existia sob o direito comum) para atividades poluidoras como a fraturação hidráulica e a mineração por remoção do topo da montanha. E deve incluir, obviamente, o papel do estado militar americano na garantia do acesso estratégico a bacias petrolíferas no exterior ou em manter as vias marítimas abertas para os navios petroleiros.</p>
<p>O capitalismo corporativo e a opressão de classes sobrevivem através da intervenção estatal em benefício dos privilegiados e poderosos. Os mercados livres verdadeiros, a cooperação voluntária e a associação livre agem como dinamite na base desse sistema de opressão.</p>
<p>Qualquer programa libertário de esquerda deve incluir uma preocupação com a justiça social e com o combate da opressão estrutural. Isso significa, obviamente, um fim a toda a discriminação estatal com base em raça, gênero ou orientação sexual. Mas significa também muito mais.</p>
<p>Como libertários, nós nos opomos a todas as restrições legais à liberdade de associação, inclusive a leis contra a discriminação por empresas privadas. Mas devemos apoiar com entusiasmo a ação direta para combater as injustiças na esfera social. Historicamente, as leis anti-discriminação estatais serviram apenas para codificar, relutantemente após mudanças sociais, os ganhos obtidos através de ações diretas como os <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_Bus_Boycott">boicotes a ônibus</a>, os <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins">protestos passivos em lanchonetes</a> e a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_riots">rebelião em Stonewall</a>. Nós devemos apoiar o uso da ação direta, da pressão social, dos boicotes e da solidariedade para combater formas estruturais de opressão como o racismo e a cultura do estupro, desafiando as normas internalizadas que perpetuam esses sistemas de coerção.</p>
<p>Ao lidar com todas as formas de injustiça, devemos usar uma abordagem interseccional. Isso inclui o repúdio a práticas da velha esquerda, que consideram preocupações com raça e gênero como questões &#8220;divisivas&#8221; ou como algo a ser discutido &#8220;mais tarde&#8221;, para que se mantenha a unidade de classe. Inclui também o repúdio de movimentos de justiça de raça e gênero ocupados por profissionais da alta classe média, que enfatizam somente a chegada de negros e mulheres em &#8220;espaços de poder&#8221; e em &#8220;gabinetes e salas de reunião mais parecidos com o nosso país&#8221;, deixando intocado o poder desfrutado por esses espaços, gabinetes e salas de reunião. O ataque a uma forma de privilégio não deve ser visto como prejudicial a outras lutas; ao contrário, todas as lutas são complementares e se reforçam mutuamente.</p>
<p>A preocupação especial às necessidades interseccionais dos nossos companheiros menos privilegiados em cada movimento pela justiça — mulheres e negros na classe trabalhadora; mulheres pobres e trabalhadoras, mulheres negras, mulheres transgênero e trabalhadoras do sexo dentro do feminismo; mulheres, pobres e trabalhadores dentro do movimento anti-racista; etc — não divide esses movimentos. Na verdade, os fortalece contra as tentativas da classe dominante de dividi-los e conquistá-los através da exploração de suas divisões internas. Por exemplo, os grandes donos de terras derrotaram os sindicatos de pequenos fazendeiros locatários do sul dos Estados Unidos nos anos 1930 ao estimular e explorar as tensões raciais dentro de seu movimento, que causaram sua divisão em sindicatos separados de brancos e negros. Qualquer movimento de justiça de classe, raça ou sexo que ignore a interseção de múltiplas formas de opressão entre seus membros e deixe de prestar atenção às necessidades especiais dos menos privilegiados está vulnerável ao mesmo tipo de oportunismo. Em última análise essa atenção a preocupações interseccionais deve incluir a abordagem de espaços de segurança que cria uma atmosfera de debate genuíno, sem perseguições e insultos deliberados.</p>
<p>Os libertários — com frequência, por sua própria culpa — são considerados por muitos somente como &#8220;conservadores que fumam maconha&#8221;, adeptos de uma ideologia insular de homens de classe média de startups de tecnologia. Muitas das maiores publicações e comunidades online libertárias na internet têm a tendência reflexiva a defender as grandes empresas contra ataques de trabalhadores e consumidores, os senhorios contra os locatários, o Walmart contra Main Street, rejeitando quaisquer críticos como inimigos do livre mercado e tratando as corporações como representantes legítimas dos princípios de mercado. Têm também uma tendência paralela a rejeitar todas as preocupações de justiça pessoal e sexual como &#8220;coletivistas&#8221;. O resultado é um movimento considerado pelos pobres, trabalhadores, mulheres e negros como irrelevante para suas preocupações. Enquanto isso, os homens brancos de 20 e poucos anos em empregos de classe média explicam a falta de mulheres e minorias nas fileiras de seus movimentos como referência a seu &#8220;coletivismo natural&#8221; e citam o ensaio <a href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig3/nock3b.html">Isaiah&#8217;s Job</a> de Nock uns para os outros.</p>
<p>Nós, da esquerda libertária, não queremos ser relegados às catacumbas ou sermos os equivalentes modernos dos jacobinos, que se sentavam para tomar café e discutir sobre <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart">Bonnie Prince Charlie</a>. Nós não queremos reclamar sobre como a sociedade está se acabando enquanto a maior parte das pessoas que luta para mudar a realidade para melhor nos ignora. Queremos que nossas ideias estejam no centro das lutas em todos os lugares pela justiça e por uma vida melhor. E só podemos fazer isso tratando as preocupações reais de pessoas reais como se dignas de respeito e mostrando como nossas ideias são relevantes. É isso que pretendemos fazer.</p>
<p><em>Traduzido para o português por <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/erick-vasconcelos">Erick Vasconcelos</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>Response To Al Carroll On Libertarianism: Part One</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/27176</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/27176#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2014 21:05:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Life, Love And Liberty]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Al Carroll recently penned a piece titled The Moral and Practical Failures of Libertarianism and Small Government Conservatism. This will be a point by point refutation. Let&#8217;s begin. Al writes: In economics, both orthodox Communism and Libertarianism are equally wrong, callous, and dangerous examples of ideological blindness, a set of principles taken to an extreme...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://alcarroll.com/">Al Carroll</a> recently penned a piece titled <a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/05/09/the-moral-and-practical-failures-of-libertarianism-and-small-government-conservatism/">The Moral and Practical Failures of Libertarianism and Small Government Conservatism</a>. This will be a point by point refutation. Let&#8217;s begin.</p>
<p>Al writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>In economics, both orthodox Communism and Libertarianism are equally wrong, callous, and dangerous examples of ideological blindness, a set of principles taken to an extreme that caused many people to die. Both are more alike than either set of fanatics (as both set of true believers are) would want to admit. Both fall back on the same defense of “there has never been a true or pure form”of their system. Both systems clearly failed. Communism only lasted 70 years in the first nation to have it, and killed tens of millions with purely man made famines and extreme repression. Libertarianism and its influence on US conservatism takes the greatest share of blame for extreme economic inequality, the Great Recession, and most financial elite crime waves of the past 30 years.</p></blockquote>
<p>As usual with many critics, he fails to take account of different brands of libertarianism. He only refers to a seemingly singular &#8220;libertarianism&#8221;. This will be written from a left-libertarian market anarchist perspective. The cliched &#8220;you claim your system has never existed in pure form&#8221; is trotted out. Democracy has probably never existed in pure form either, but that doesn&#8217;t mean it isn&#8217;t viable. There have been particular libertarian policies implemented with some success such as drug decriminalization. It may be true that the full libertarian package has never existed in systematic form, but this doesn&#8217;t mean it can&#8217;t exist. Liberal democratic societies never did and now do.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s partially unfair to pin economic inequality on libertarians, because they have hardly been in charge. Some libertarians will justify inequality, but there is good reason to think that freed markets would produce less inequality. That will be the subject of a future blog post. As for blaming the Great Recession on libertarianism; it&#8217;s once again worth pointing out that libertarians aren&#8217;t in charge. A detailed examination of why libertarians aren&#8217;t to blame for economic recessions or depressions will have to come later though. Libertarians oppose fraud by financial elites or anyone else, so it&#8217;s silly to blame us for the crime wave emanating from said people.</p>
<blockquote><p>The question then becomes, to what degree should there be a mixed system? The slogans of libertarians and many conservatives that “government is the problem” or “regulation doesn’t work” are easily proven wrong, and fairly foolish falsehoods.</p></blockquote>
<p>Conservative protestations against government are often hypocritical and insincere. It&#8217;s also true that these questions require defining what constitutes a problem and by what standard of value doesn&#8217;t regulation work. The New Leftist historian, Gabriel Kolko, documented the purpose regulations served in concentrating economic power and resources:</p>
<blockquote><p>As Gabriel Kolko demonstrates in his masterly The Triumph of Conservatism and in Railroads and Regulation, the dominant trend in the last three decades of the nineteenth century and the first two of the twentieth was not towards increasing centralization, but rather, despite the growing number of mergers and the growth in the overall size of many corporations,</p>
<p>toward growing competition. Competition was unacceptable to many key business and financial leaders, and the merger movement was to a large extent a reflection of voluntary, unsuccessful business efforts to bring irresistible trends under control. &#8230; As new competitors sprang up, and as economic power was diffused throughout an expanding nation, it became apparent to many important businessmen that only the national government could [control and stabilize] the economy. &#8230; Ironically, contrary to the consensus of historians, it was not the existence of monopoly which caused the federal government to intervene in the economy, but the lack of it.1</p></blockquote>
<p>He also writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>This article argues some basic humanitarian principles should be applied to economics and the human and humane spheres or politics, ones so obvious it seems absurd to have to make them explicit:</p>
<p>1. Helping people obviously helps people more than not helping them.</p>
<p>2. Watching out for and preventing or stopping abuse and harm is obviously better than not watching and not stopping abuse and harm, or even refusing to look and denying harm exists.</p>
<p>3. Generosity and selflessness are obviously better than stinginess and selfishness,</p>
<p>4. Democratic control obviously is better than elite control.</p></blockquote>
<p>There is nothing in these four points that a libertarian could not embrace. There are ways of helping people that don&#8217;t require government or state intervention. These approaches are known as mutual aid societies. The prevention and stopping of abuse is compatible with libertarianism, because we believe said action is a justifiable response to rights violations. Some libertarians are egoists, but this is not the only ethical viewpoints that has been adopted. The rational egoist definition of selfishness as elaborated by Ayn Rand is not what you typically refer to as egoism. It pertains to not sacrificing others to yourself or yourself to others. Libertarians have an admittedly uneasy relationship with democracy, but the left-wing market anarchist position is democratic in the sense that it grants everyone an equal right to control their own lives and make decisions affecting them. That&#8217;s all for now. Stay tuned for my next blog post on this article!</p>
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		<title>Libertarianism and Private Prisons: Response to Gus DiZerega Part Two</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26723</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26723#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2014 23:00:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Life, Love And Liberty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stigmergy - C4SS Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anarchism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anarcho-capitalism]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[left libertarianism]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[prisons]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[This is the second part of my series on Gus DiZerega&#8217;s view of libertarianism and private prisons. Gus writes: Non-profits often pad the salaries of their top people, especially big ones. Padded salaries come from shifting resources away from other purposes, like that sheriff in Marion County. Just because something is a nonprofit does not...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26669">the second part</a> of my series on Gus DiZerega&#8217;s view of libertarianism and private prisons.</p>
<p>Gus writes:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Non-profits often pad the salaries of their top people, especially big ones. Padded salaries come from shifting resources away from other purposes, like that sheriff in Marion County. Just because something is a nonprofit does not mean those in charge are not greedy. Consider the Komen Foundation and others like it. There is nothing sacred about nonprofits. Some are great and some are corrupt. In addition, where will the non-profits get the money they need? Someone has to pay for them. We are more likely to contribute to causes that support positive goods than ones that incarcerate bad guys.</p>
<p>Gus makes a good point about non-profits here, but there would be competition between non-profit prisons to offer the most humane conditions. I’ve already stated that clients of defense associations would pay for prison expenses. As for people preferring to donate to positive goods rather than the improsinment of bad guys, I’d point out that the humane treatment of bad guys is a positive value. There is also the possibility of error in judging guilt and the positive value of helping innocent people get freed or have comfortable conditions while serving their sentences.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">In public prisons in democratic countries if people are incarcerated they retain the rights of citizenship including being able to see an attorney. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird tells the story of why that matters. In that case the accused ended up with court appointed attorneys. This is something that beggars the imagination happening in a libertarian anarchy. Ron Paul did not even help his most important fund raiser pay his medical bills, and libertarians as a whole raised only 10% of the total needed. His survivors were left with a huge debt. If libertarians cannot help their own people who have rendered them great services, why expect them to help the accused who often are guilty?</p>
<p>Defense associations could provide for competent attorneys in the absence of the ability to hire one. This would be paid for by th clients of said defense associations. As for the lack of charitable giving by libertarians, is that a consequence of libertarian ideology or a reflection of personal characteristics of existing libertarians unrelated to their ideology? I argue it’s the former. The libertarian, Jacob G. Hornberger points out that Americans gave 150 billion dollars to chairty in a year I’ve forgotten. If more of them became libertarian, I see no reason why they wouldn’t retain this charitable sensibility. Steven Horowitz has written about the importance of mutual and so have others like Kevin Carson. There is clearly libertarian support for charitable giving.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Some libertarians such as the one I quote above then shift the ground to ‘restitutive justice.’ I agree that when possible restitutive justice is a good thing and vastly superior to incarceration. We need much more of it. Nevertheless it needs to be enforced with the threat of less desirable punishment if the person does not provide restitution. Further some crimes have little chance for restitution, such as murder. If you claim, as some libertarians do, that they should pay “weregeld” or some other medieval notion, we need to remember that back then the fine for killing the equivalent of a Koch brother was vastly more than for killing a peasant. It would be the same in a libertarian society where ‘the market’ is the final evaluator of worth. Indeed, this happened in the Triangle Shirtwaist fire during a time in our history that libertarians generally praise as superior to our own for ‘freedom’.</p>
<p>House arrest is an alternative to prison for murderers. It has similiarties but isn’t exactly the same. In a left-libertarian market anarchy, there would also be a strong civil society alongside a freed market. The market would not of necessity be the final arbiter of worth.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Gradually this spread of kind of thinking far beyond libertarian circles has encouraged even supporters of public services to think about them in private terms in which citizens become consumers. But whereas the term :citizen” applies to everyone equally, the term “consumer” is the opposite. Everyone is a consumer, but not at all equal even as an ideal. The results are hideous when the logic of consumers and of privatization is applied outside its appropriate sphere.</p>
<p>I am not sure why a consumer is not equal, but a citizen is. There is often differential access to power in statist societies and all citizens are not equal. Is it because there is a difference in money between consumers? There is a difference in power between citizens even with formal equality before the law. Why can’t someone be a citizen and a consumer too?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">For libertarians one public value is determining what constitutes property rights. Until they are determined the vaunted libertarian market cannot exist much past the point of barter. Libertarianism is parasitical on government in this respect. It depends on it for the market to work but then claims that government is what keeps the market from working even better.</p>
<p>This assumes that property rights can’t be defined by private defense associations which are community based and thus have equal input. They would only be private in the sense of being non-state or non-government.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Democracy is complicated and never perfect, but it is a vastly more rational way to address problems of public concern than libertarian boilerplate about ‘stateless’ societies existing beyond the level of a village.</p>
<p>Democracy and anarchy are not of necessity mutually exclsuive. As for stateless societies beyond the village level, there are examples like Medieval Iceland that were beyond said level.</p>
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		<title>Libertarianism and Private Prisons: Response to Gus DiZerega Part One</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26669</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26669#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2014 22:30:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Natasha Petrova]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Life, Love And Liberty]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Gus DiZerega recently published a blog post about libertarian ideology and private prisons. He quoted a Facebook comment I left on a status update about the topic. This blog post constitutes a response to Gus. A comment will also be posted on his blog. The reader is encouraged to check it out. In said piece;...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.dizerega.com/">Gus DiZerega</a> recently published a <a href="http://dizerega.com/2014/04/17/private-prisons-as-an-example-of-the-bankruptcy-of-libertarian-thought/">blog post</a> about libertarian ideology and private prisons. He quoted a Facebook comment I left on a status update about the topic. This blog post constitutes a response to Gus. A comment will also be posted on his blog. The reader is encouraged to check it out.</p>
<p>In said piece; Gus says:</p>
<blockquote><p>Privatization of prisons creates corporations with a vested interest in maintaining current crimes as illegal even when there is no just reason for doing so, because it guarantees keeping their cells filled and their profits high. They also have a vested interest in criminalizing additional behavior. They demonstrably use some of their profits to support friendly legislators and lobby for legislation they desire. And their political favors are returned.</p></blockquote>
<p>We agree on this point. This would be less of a problem in a left-libertarian market anarchist society, because there would be no monopoly state or government to influence. The corporations would have to successfully bribe and get favors from a variety of defense associations. It would require more resources and effort. There would also be countervailing pressure from non-bought defense associations. If in fact said corporations would still exist without state or government favoritism. I doubt they would, because there would be no subsides, regulatory protectionism, tariff walls, and monopolistic state power backing them up.</p>
<blockquote><p>At the same time since prison inmates are not their customers they have an incentive to spend the absolute minimum allowed on them, so as to keep the most for themselves. My old friend Scott B. observed he had “ learned why the Sheriff of Marion County, Indiana was the highest paid government official in the state. Sheriffs get to keep the difference between the fixed per prisoner allocation and the cost of running the jail.” He became opulent employing modern business management in government agencies.</p>
<p>The next step in this logic will be to force inmates to work at minimum wages to pay their way (so as to ‘help taxpayers’) and charge them for their incarceration. Thus market logic will re-establish slavery in the US. And libertarians will call it freedom and the magic of the market.</p></blockquote>
<p>In a left-libertarian market anarchist society, prisoners would be able to choose what prison they want to go to. Prisons would compete by offering humane conditions. The clients of defense associations would be paying for prison upkeep, so there would be no forced labor by prisoners to pay their expenses. I can&#8217;t speak for other libertarians, but I wouldn&#8217;t refer to the slavery mentioned above as freedom.</p>
<blockquote><p>Setting aside the escape clause of “principled libertarians,” which plays the same role as “real Christians” does for aggressive evangelicals, we end up with an anarchist argument that somehow things will be different without a ‘state.’</p>
<p>What pray tell is a ‘non-state operated’ prison? The writer writes as if such things exist. The closest analogue I can imagine as currently existing are either the private prisons I am discussing or kidnappers incarcerating their prey until ransom is paid. Such people are simply free lance anarcho capitalist entrepreneurs if they claim their victim is being held until restitution for alleged crimes against others. Like seizing Dick Cheney. Much as I think he should spend the rest of his life in jail, that is a very bad precedent as any sane person should recognize.</p></blockquote>
<p>Principled libertarianism is designed to make sure that people actually representative of genuine libertarian ideology have their arguments addressed. A Nazi could otherwise claim to be libertarian and have libertarian ideas. As for non-state operated prisons, Gus is partially correct to note that &#8220;private&#8221; prison corporations represent them. I only say partially, because they receive taxpayer dollars and benefit from government or state legislation defining what a crime is. It does show that such things can partially exist, but it&#8217;s not the ideal model. The kidnappers example is faulty, because no anarcho-capitalist I know of would advocate that you could forcibly imprison someone without any trial and objective establishment of guilt. What is the difference between a defense association doing this and a government agent doing it? I&#8217;d also add that just because something hasn&#8217;t existed yet; that doesn&#8217;t mean it can&#8217;t exist. Democracy was once only an idea and yet is widespread today.</p>
<blockquote><p>By definition a prison forcibly incarcerates a person against his or her will as punishment for a crime he or she allegedly committed. This means there had to be a system to apprehend a person against their will, take them to some process where their guilt or innocence could be determined, and if found guilty, incarcerated. Otherwise the existence of a ‘prison’ as a legitimate part of society makes no sense at all.</p></blockquote>
<p>I agree with Gus on this one. I support competing defense associations with prison, judicial, and police services. They would constitute the enforcement arm of a left-libertarian market anarchist legal system.</p>
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