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	<title>Center for a Stateless Society &#187; health</title>
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		<title>Our Bodies, Their Subsidies on Feed 44</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/32774</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2014 19:00:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[James Tuttle]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Feed 44]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter-economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter-power]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[C4SS Feed 44 presents Joel Schlosberg&#8216;s “Our Bodies, Their Subsidies” read Christopher King and edited by Nick Ford. Moreover, the Affordable Care Act is merely the latest in a century-long line of legislation ostensibly aimed at increasing the affordability of health care, but which by subsidy have locked in a status quo of needlessly high levels...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>C4SS Feed 44 presents <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/joel-schlosberg" target="_blank">Joel Schlosberg</a>&#8216;s “<a href="http://c4ss.org/content/27546" target="_blank">Our Bodies, Their Subsidies</a>” read Christopher King and edited by Nick Ford.</p>
<p><iframe width="500" height="375" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/zXfY_2ccHMc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>Moreover, the Affordable Care Act is merely the latest in a century-long line of legislation ostensibly aimed at increasing the affordability of health care, but which by subsidy have locked in a status quo of needlessly high levels of costly treatment required in order to receive any level of health care, crowding out innovations in the lower-cost methods and self-help advocated by Dr. Gordon.</p>
<p>As Ivan Illich observed in 1975 in Medical Nemesis:</p>
<p>“Awe-inspiring medical technology has combined with egalitarian rhetoric to create the impression that contemporary medicine is highly effective. Undoubtedly, during the last generation, a limited number of specific procedures have become extremely useful. But where they are not monopolized by professionals as tools of their trade, those which are applicable to widespread diseases are usually very inexpensive and require a minimum of personal skills, materials, and custodial services from hospitals. In contrast, most of today’s skyrocketing medical expenditures are destined for the kind of diagnosis and treatment whose effectiveness at best is doubtful.”</p>
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		<title>The Weekly Abolitionist: How Prisons Kill</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/27720</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/27720#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2014 23:00:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathan Goodman]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Stigmergy - C4SS Blog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Weekly Abolitionist]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil liberties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jail]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kill]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[In recent weeks, I&#8217;ve seen multiple stories about deaths in prisons. These deaths were all preventable and easily attributable to prison conditions. Let&#8217;s examine a few of these incidents. According to the Miami Herald, &#8220;Florida’s Department of Corrections is facing a third potential criminal probe in the wake of another inmate death at a state...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In recent weeks, I&#8217;ve seen multiple stories about deaths in prisons. These deaths were all preventable and easily attributable to prison conditions. Let&#8217;s examine a few of these incidents.</p>
<p>According to the <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/05/22/4132821/after-latest-death-florida-prison.html" target="_blank">Miami Herald</a>, &#8220;Florida’s Department of Corrections is facing a third potential criminal probe in the wake of another inmate death at a state prison.&#8221; The most recent death is that of Damion Foster, a 36 year old man who &#8220;died when corrections officers were attempting a &#8216;cell extraction.'&#8221; In other words, he died while experiencing direct coercive violence from prison guards. This seems like a case of possible murder or manslaughter, but it is likely to be shrouded in euphemism, because the violent extraction of prisoners from their cells is considered a normal or essential part of prison operations. Perhaps even more disturbing is the death of Darren Rainey. According to the Herald:</p>
<blockquote><p>Rainey, serving two years on a cocaine charge, was placed in the shower by prison guards and left there for more than an hour, allegedly under a spray of water heated to in excess of 160 degrees. He was placed in the shower for a prolonged period as punishment after defecating in his cell and refusing to clean it up, according to repeated written grievances filed by Harold Hempstead, a burglar who was an orderly in the mental-health unit. Hempstead said he was assigned to a cell beneath the shower and could hear Rainey screaming for mercy. &#8230; When Rainey was found, he was so badly burned that portions of his skin had slipped from his body, a witness and several former employees at the prison told the Herald.</p></blockquote>
<p>So guards scalded Rainey&#8217;s skin off with water hotter than 160 degrees as a method of punishment. Rainey was killed in June 2012. If any ordinary citizen did this, it would be quickly recognized as murder and prosecuted as such. By contrast, the guards responsible were subjected to a criminal investigation, but as of May 22nd this year, the police had not yet concluded whether there was any inappropriate or criminal behavior to prosecute. The story is even more disturbing in light of the fact that &#8220;Rainey was not the only prisoner who got the shower treatment.&#8221;</p>
<p>Disturbing prison deaths are certainly not unique to Florida. On February 15th this year, homeless veteran <a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/guard-hot-cell-death-left-post-report-article-1.1809918" target="_blank">Jerome Murdough</a> baked to death in his 101-degree cell at New York&#8217;s Riker&#8217;s Island jail. It&#8217;s all too common for prisoners to bake to death in overheated prisons and jails. A recent <a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2014/04/22/tdcj-violation-basic-human-rights-report-finds/" target="_blank">report</a> from the <a href="http://www.utexas.edu/law/clinics/humanrights/docs/HRC_EH_Report_4-7-14_FINAL.pdf" target="_blank">University of Texas School of Law Human Rights Clinic</a> points out at least 14 inmate deaths in Texas related to overheating since 2007. The report &#8220;concludes that current conditions in TDCJ facilities constitute a violation of Texas’s duty to guarantee the rights to health, life, physical integrity, and dignity of detainees, as well as its duty to prevent inhuman or degrading treatment of its inmates.&#8221;</p>
<p>In 2011, the Center for a Stateless Society&#8217;s own <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/7658" target="_blank">Brad Spangler</a> noted that Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio was &#8220;literally roasting prisoners alive.&#8221; Spangler explained that &#8220;<a href="http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/local/articles/2011/07/03/20110703tent-city-temperatures-rise-145.html">Temperatures inside the tents at the prison camp the Sheriff operates are reaching 145°F.</a> By way of comparison, <a href="http://www.ochef.com/343.htm">a round of roast beef is said to be medium-rare when it reaches a core temperature of 130°F to 140°F</a>.&#8221; Furthermore, he argued that such abuses &#8220;are logical consequences of the perverse economic incentives of monopoly government.&#8221; Given that similarly abusive conditions are seen in prisons and jails from New York to Florida to Texas to Arizona, I&#8217;m inclined to agree.</p>
<p>People often ask what we would do about murderers without prisons. But the sad truth is that prisons themselves kill. As Dean Spade puts it, &#8220;The prison is the serial killer.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Our Bodies, Their Subsidies</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/27546</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/27546#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2014 18:00:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joel Schlosberg]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter-economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter-power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic development]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[In &#8220;Invitation to a Dialogue: Alternative Therapies&#8221; (New York Times, May 14), Dr. James S. Gordon writes: &#8220;Many economists believe that health care costs will continue to rise. Even more distressing, the Affordable Care Act will likely reinforce current practice, which dictates surgical and pharmacological interventions that can be expensive, inappropriate, burdened by side effects and, often,...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/14/opinion/invitation-to-a-dialogue-alternative-therapies.html">&#8220;Invitation to a Dialogue: Alternative Therapies&#8221;</a> (New York <em>Times</em>, May 14), Dr. James S. Gordon writes:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Many economists believe that health care costs will continue to rise. Even more distressing, the Affordable Care Act will likely reinforce current practice, which dictates surgical and pharmacological interventions that can be expensive, inappropriate, burdened by side effects and, often, ineffective.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Moreover, the <em>Affordable Care Act</em> is merely the latest in a century-long line of legislation ostensibly aimed at increasing the affordability of health care, but which by subsidy have locked in a status quo of needlessly high levels of costly treatment required in order to receive any level of health care, crowding out innovations in the lower-cost methods and self-help advocated by Dr. Gordon. As Ivan Illich <a href="http://www.soilandhealth.org/03sov/0303critic/030313illich/Frame.Illich.Ch1.html">observed</a> in 1975 in <em>Medical Nemesis</em>:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;Awe-inspiring medical technology has combined with egalitarian rhetoric to create the impression that contemporary medicine is highly effective. Undoubtedly, during the last generation, a limited number of specific procedures have become extremely useful. But where they are not monopolized by professionals as tools of their trade, those which are applicable to widespread diseases are usually very inexpensive and require a minimum of personal skills, materials, and custodial services from hospitals. In contrast, most of today&#8217;s skyrocketing medical expenditures are destined for the kind of diagnosis and treatment whose effectiveness at best is doubtful.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Such will be the inevitable result as long as the necessity of bailing out the capital-intensive, mass-production model of delivery of uniform service by a favored <a href="http://www.unz.org/Pub/Inquiry-1977nov21-00017">professional elite</a> to passive recipients — the <em>bête noire</em> in all of Illich&#8217;s work, from health care to <a href="http://www.preservenet.com/theory/Illich/Deschooling/intro.html">education</a> to <a href="http://clevercycles.com/energy_and_equity/index.html">energy</a> — is assumed necessary to guarantee a modern standard of quality. Which it is not. In the same year&#8217;s <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/25703"><em>Neighborhood Power</em></a>, David Morris and Karl Hess observed: “We are most dependent upon outside experts when we are ignorant — and we are probably most ignorant about our own bodies. Even our cars are more open to common-sense knowledge than our bodies.” In surveying the simpler forms of health care, Morris and Hess conclude: “Surely such service could be administered by less than fully trained M.D.’s.”</p>
<p>Historian David T. Beito, in <a href="http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/lodge-doctors-and-the-poor">summarizing</a> his extensive <a href="http://www.amazon.com/From-Mutual-Aid-Welfare-State/dp/0807848417">research</a> on the lodge practice which provided low-cost health care to millions of members of early twentieth century fraternal societies before the model was deliberately crowded out, notes that they “opened up rare opportunities for many working-class Americans to compare and experiment and empowered them with the necessary economic clout to break free from the confining view that health care was merely a generic good.”</p>
<p>The <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/12626">ephemeralization</a> of twenty-first century technology would only make a revival of lodge-style cooperative, nonprofit, red-tape-free provision of basic health care even more feasible. Just like Morris and Hess&#8217;s urban farming and solar power, as the perverse effects of the current model become too widespread to prevent its crumbling, such current overlooked successes as the <a href="http://www.ithaca.com/special_sections/path-to-health-ithaca-health-alliance-offers-path-to-wellness/article_d67b1e6e-101d-11e3-8de7-0019bb2963f4.html">Ithaca Health Alliance</a> could spread from isolated exceptions to a burgeoning essential in a post-industrial society.</p>
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		<title>Reviving the Lodge Model</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/27253</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2014 19:00:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joel Schlosberg]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[counter-economics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://c4ss.org/?p=27253</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[Note: This piece was originally written as a letter to the editor of the New York Times in reply to its &#8220;Invitation to a Dialogue&#8221; on alternative therapies.] As Dr. Gordon notes, legislation ostensibly aimed at increasing the affordability of health care has had the effects of locking in a status quo of needlessly high levels of costly treatment required...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[Note: This piece was originally written as a letter to the editor of the New York <em>Times</em> in reply to its <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/14/opinion/invitation-to-a-dialogue-alternative-therapies.html?_r=0">&#8220;Invitation to a Dialogue&#8221; on alternative therapies</a>.]</p>
<p>As Dr. Gordon notes, legislation ostensibly aimed at increasing the affordability of health care has had the effects of locking in a status quo of needlessly high levels of costly treatment required to receive any health care and of crowding out self-help and innovations in lower-cost methods. This will be the inevitable result as long as the necessity of subsidizing the capital-intensive, mass-production model of delivery of uniform service by a favored professional elite to passive recipients is assumed necessary to guarantee a modern standard of quality.</p>
<p>Historian David T. Beito <a href="http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/lodge-doctors-and-the-poor">notes</a> that the lodge practice system which provided low-cost health care to the members of early twentieth century fraternal societies &#8220;opened up rare opportunities for many working-class Americans to compare and experiment and empowered them with the necessary economic clout to break free from the confining view that health care was merely a generic good.&#8221; A modernized revival of the lodge model of cooperative, nonprofit provision of basic health care, along the lines of the <a href="http://www.ithaca.com/special_sections/path-to-health-ithaca-health-alliance-offers-path-to-wellness/article_d67b1e6e-101d-11e3-8de7-0019bb2963f4.html">Ithaca Health Alliance</a>, would avoid the perverse effects of the current mass-industrial model.</p>
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		<title>&#8220;Working Three Jobs to Make Ends Meet? This Might be Why&#8221; on C4SS Media</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26679</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26679#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2014 19:00:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[James Tuttle]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Feed 44]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[capitalism]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Emergent Orders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exploitation]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[C4SS Media presents Kevin Carson‘s “Working Three Jobs to Make Ends Meet? This Might be Why” read by James Tuttle and edited by Nick Ford. The state, the giant corporation, and large institutions of all other kinds are part of an interlocking culture designed to extract as much money from us as possible while delivering as little as...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>C4SS Media presents <a title="Posts by Kevin Carson" href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/kevin-carson" rel="author">Kevin Carson</a>‘s “<a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26304" target="_blank">Working Three Jobs to Make Ends Meet? This Might be Why</a>” read by James Tuttle and edited by Nick Ford.</p>
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<p>The state, the giant corporation, and large institutions of all other kinds are part of an interlocking culture designed to extract as much money from us as possible while delivering as little as possible in return. That’s why political agendas centered on guaranteeing our ability to pay for services, without touching the institutional culture that makes them so expensive, are a dead end.</p>
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		<title>Working Three Jobs to Make Ends Meet? This Might be Why</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26304</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26304#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Apr 2014 18:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Carson]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The US Center for Medicare Services recently published a database of physician Medicare billing histories. One interesting bit of information from data release is the fact that a leading source of expenditures for big billers is drugs. As it turns out, Medicare incentivizes physicians to choose the most expensive drugs by reimbursing them for the...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The US Center for Medicare Services recently published a database of physician Medicare billing histories. One interesting bit of information from data release is the fact that a leading source of expenditures for big billers is drugs. As it turns out, Medicare incentivizes physicians to choose the most expensive drugs by reimbursing them for the cost plus six percent. Just another illustration of the way healthcare runs on the same cost-plus markup accounting culture as the rest of the American (and world) economy.</p>
<p>Our whole economy is governed by a set of metrics equating the consumption of inputs to the creation of value. The greater the cost of inputs consumed to produce a given good or service, and the higher its resulting final price, the more value is perceived. This is the opposite of the commonsense approach we take in our daily lives: When we find a way to meet our needs at lower cost and with less effort, we consider ourselves better off.</p>
<p>Not so with the GDP, in which increased efficiency &#8212; meeting our needs more cheaply and with fewer material inputs &#8212; results in a reduction in national income. The less efficient things are, the more damage resulting from our daily activities to meet our needs, and the more resulting expenditure of inputs, the higher the GDP. A massive auto pileup results &#8212; via the costs of repairing and replacing cars, treating victims in Emergency Rooms, etc. &#8212; in the addition of untold thousands to the national income. On the other hand, the widespread substitution of the free and open-source Wikipedia for the expensive Britannica, the destruction of newspaper advertising revenues by Craigslist, the replacement of travel agents by online booking services, etc., count as radical reductions in economic output, and hence prosperity on paper &#8212; despite the fact that actual individuals and families can now meet needs for free that would once have required them to work hundreds of hours to pay for.</p>
<p>The same is true of the standard corporate accounting system, in which capital expenditures, management salaries and administrative costs, are counted as general overhead, and &#8212; through &#8220;overhead absorption&#8221; &#8212; incorporated into the arbitrarily set internal transfer prices assigned to goods &#8220;sold&#8221; to inventory. The more such inputs wasted in making a finished product, the higher its price, and the higher the resulting book value of the inventory sitting in the warehouse &#8212; despite the fact that there&#8217;s more inventory than customers are willing to buy at that bloated price. The large corporations that follow this accounting method are generally in oligopoly markets with price leader systems, in which three or four firms in an industry control a majority of sales in a given market and can pass their costs directly on to the consumer via administered pricing.</p>
<p>It works this way in regulated utilities, where rates are set politically so as to guarantee a defined rate of return on expenditure, and in military contracts (the reason it&#8217;s in contractors&#8217; interest to come up with those $600 toilet seats). It&#8217;s also the way the old Soviet-model planned economies assigned prices to unfinished and finished goods within their systems: So many refrigerators or microwaves produced were so much value, regardless of whether they worked or were destroyed by careless handling during shipping.</p>
<p>In every case, the incentive is to maximize production costs and do things in the most inefficient manner possible, because the measure of value (and standard of reimbursement!) is the cost of the inputs consumed. This is what Paul Goodman called &#8220;the great domain of cost-plus.&#8221;</p>
<p>This is the reason for most of the cost inflation in higher education. A major part of the industry&#8217;s revenues are guaranteed by third parties (for example government aid to higher education and banks that get guaranteed returns on student loans). Since tuition is set through the same administered pricing to the third parties that govern the corporate economy, there&#8217;s every incentive in the world to maximize overhead costs through utterly stupid and wasteful construction projects, ever-rising administrator salaries and the like. As a result, inflation in college tuition is even higher than that in healthcare, with a dwindling share of the price going to cover actual delivery of services.</p>
<p>The state, the giant corporation, and large institutions of all other kinds are part of an interlocking culture designed to extract as much money from us as possible while delivering as little as possible in return. That&#8217;s why political agendas centered on guaranteeing our ability to pay for services, without touching the institutional culture that makes them so expensive, are a dead end.</p>
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		<title>Love Me, I&#8217;m A Liberal</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/22607</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/22607#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Nov 2013 19:10:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Carson]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Nothing like starting out your day with a laugh &#8212; and today I have Matthew Lynch (&#8220;12 Reasons Why Obama is One of the Greatest Presidents Ever,&#8221; Huffington Post, November 15) to thank for it. About half of Lynch&#8217;s points boil down to, &#8220;Obama is for x, because he makes speeches talking about x all...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nothing like starting out your day with a laugh &#8212; and today I have Matthew Lynch (&#8220;<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/matthew-lynch-edd/12-reasons-why-obama-is-o_b_4280675.html">12 Reasons Why Obama is One of the Greatest Presidents Ever,</a>&#8221; Huffington Post, November 15) to thank for it.</p>
<p>About half of Lynch&#8217;s points boil down to, &#8220;Obama is for x, because he makes speeches talking about x all the time.&#8221; He starts out with the best one of all:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&#8220;Unlike the many presidents who preceded him, he cares about what is best for the greater good. He truly does represent The People. His actions have always been motivated by a sincere desire to do what is best for the majority, even if it meant losing ground with the wealthy, influential or powerful minority.&#8221;</p>
<p>Um, yeah. That&#8217;s why he adopted a Republican &#8220;universal healthcare&#8221; proposal to require everybody to buy private health insurance &#8212; and give taxpayer money to the ones who can&#8217;t afford it. That should be popular with &#8220;The People,&#8221; all right &#8212; at least those who own stock in insurance companies. That&#8217;s why he quietly promised the drug companies he wouldn&#8217;t use Medicare&#8217;s bargaining power to negotiate lower drug prices. That&#8217;s why Joe Biden conducts copyright enforcement policy out of Disney&#8217;s corporate headquarters and the administration backs draconian copyright legislation dictated in secret by proprietary content industries.</p>
<p>Among my favorite other howlers:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&#8220;2. He is for civil rights. He has consistently spoken on behalf of the disenfranchised, the underdog and the most controversial members of society &#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>Yeah, I know he said a lot of stuff about gay marriage and ending Don&#8217;t Ask Don&#8217;t Tell. But he refused to actually stop prosecuting gays in the military before the law was repealed, or to put enforcement on the back burner, even when he was fully capable of using his executive authority to do so.</p>
<p>And notice Lynch doesn&#8217;t say &#8220;civil liberties.&#8221; Obama said a lot of stuff about them, too &#8212; back in 2008. Since then he&#8217;s expanded unconstitutional wiretapping, run interference for the telecoms that help out with it and given amnesty to people who systematically ordered and engaged in torture. Holding war criminals accountable would be &#8220;divisive,&#8221; you see. He owes the late Nuremberg defendants an apology &#8212; they were only following orders, too.</p>
<p>4. Healthcare. I think we already covered that.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&#8220;5. He is for the middle class. Here are just a few of the comments made by President Barack Obama in recent months &#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>A lot of presidents were for a lot of stuff, if you stick to reading their collected speeches. In practice, Obama&#8217;s farm policies are written by ADM and Monsanto, and the office of Secretary of the Treasury is permanently reserved for Goldman-Sachs alumni, just as under his predecessors.</p>
<p>Obama&#8217;s actual economic policy is classic Hamiltonianism: Responding to technologies of abundance that reduce the need for capital and labor by using Rube Goldberg mechanisms to artificially prop up the demand for those inputs &#8212; even if it means giving people tax breaks for throwing stuff away and replacing it. The stomach-churning irony is that most of the same greenwashed Whole Foods liberals who applaud this also condemn planned obsolescence and the Military-Industrial Complex, which were designed to accomplish exactly the same result. The proper approach to technologies of abundance is to make sure their benefits are fully internalized by workers and consumers, by ceasing to enforce monopolies, artificial scarcities and rents of all kind. If it takes only fifteen hours of labor a week to produce our standard of living, it should only take fifteen hours of labor to enjoy that standard of living. But that would annoy Obama&#8217;s Big Business friends.</p>
<p>My favorite, though, is this:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&#8220;10. He is for peace. Let us never forget that Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009 &#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>Yeah, he uses that Peace Prize as a paperweight to hold down his drone kill list. Obama didn&#8217;t end the war in Afghanistan &#8212; he  transformed it into a remote-control video game war in which wedding parties can be massacred at the push of a button. And of course, Lynch can&#8217;t resist throwing in a mention of the Zero Dark Thirty crap about killing Bin Laden.</p>
<p>I can&#8217;t help picturing someone fifty years ago breathlessly gushing &#8220;I love JFK because he&#8217;s the Peace President&#8221; &#8212; while ignoring the Bay of Pigs, the Diem assassination and Green Berets in Vietnam.</p>
<p>Lynch&#8217;s points, edited for substance, are basically on the same level as a guy in a bar decked out in Full Cleveland thirty years ago saying &#8220;I feel comfortable with Reagan.&#8221;  Obama&#8217;s the Reagan of moderate center-left NPR liberals who shop at Whole Foods. If you&#8217;re satisfied with the image of peace and social justice, while government in substance continues to serve the same powerful interests, keep right on voting &#8212; that&#8217;s what it&#8217;ll get you.</p>
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		<title>Toward Just Healthcare</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/22455</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Nov 2013 00:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Don Stacy]]></dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[corporate]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[An October 20-22, 2013, Fox News national poll revealed that the implementation of ObamaCare (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) by the American state has been so chaotic that 60% of registered voters characterize the process as “a joke.” The economic reasons for the incompetence are well known by libertarians familiar with the Austrian tradition...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>An October 20-22, 2013, Fox News national poll revealed that the implementation of ObamaCare (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) by the American state has been so chaotic that 60% of registered voters characterize the process as “<a href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/10/23/fox-news-poll-60-percent-voters-think-implementation-obamacare-is-joke/" target="_blank">a joke</a>.” The economic reasons for the incompetence are well known by libertarians familiar with the Austrian tradition of economics. The origin of this disorganization might not be as clear to those lacking this economic perspective, as the economist Ludwig von Mises noted in <em>Bureaucracy,</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The plain citizen compares the operation of the bureau with the working of the profit system, which is more familiar to him. Then he discovers that bureaucratic management is wasteful, inefficient, slow, and rolled up in red tape. He simply cannot understand how reasonable people allow such a mischievous system to endure.</p>
<p>In the final sentence of the preceding excerpt Mises exposed another crucial misconception about the state. Libertarians have argued for a century or more, state bureaucrats are “reasonable people.” Public choice theory, a venerable branch of economics (evidenced by the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Economics to five proponents: James Buchanan, George Stigler, Gary Becker, Vernon Smith and Elinor Ostrom), has confirmed the libertarian hypothesis by demonstrating that the behavior of state bureaucrats is fundamentally selfish — labeled self-interested in the academic literature. In reality, state bureaucrats are functionaries for a professional criminal class (the ruling members of the state apparatus). What is the purpose of this “mischievous system” championed by this professional criminal class? George Orwell furnished the definitive answer in this extract from his classic dystopian novel <em>1984,</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power. … We know that no one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means; it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.</p>
<p>Orwell explains that the purpose of increased state healthcare power is not, as the current emperor contends, “to provide affordable, quality healthcare for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending.” Rather, the purpose of increased state healthcare power is to <em>increased state healthcare power</em>. The escalation of state power is not a phenomenon previously unknown to the American medical market, particularly on the macroeconomic scale. The Food and Drug Administration, Medicare, and Medicaid are three morally and fiscally bankrupt examples.</p>
<p>If increased state healthcare power is not the solution for a dysfunctional healthcare system, what policies should be espoused “to provide affordable, quality healthcare for all Americans and reduce the growth in health care spending?” Libertarians recognize that a series of steps must be taken to rectify the injustices perpetrated by the current corporate state system. Such proposals are not presented as dessert options on a “reform” menu. Instead, the comprehensive adoption of the following libertarian program by the American society is the <em>just</em> approach. This course would not only maximize the benefits of this radical change for the most vulnerable Americans, but also minimize the duration of the transition pain for those advantaged — unknowingly — by the existing structure:</p>
<ol>
<li>Abolish licensing requirements for medical personnel and accreditation requirements for medical schools, hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical manufacturers, medical device companies and all other healthcare-related businesses.</li>
<li>Foster grassroots mutual aid healthcare networks.</li>
<li>Eliminate State regulation of the health insurance industry.</li>
<li>Exhort the malpractice insurance industry to convert to restitution-based practices from retribution-based practices.</li>
<li>Spur the relevant workers of State-privileged healthcare organizations to homestead the unjustly acquired scarce resources from their employers.</li>
<li>Nullify intellectual property, especially pharmaceutical medical technology patents.</li>
<li>Foster nutritious ecological agriculture by negating State agribusiness subsidies.</li>
<li>Revoke taxes, especially sumptuary (sin), sales and income taxes.</li>
<li>Spark healthcare unions by annulling anti- and pro-union State regulations.</li>
</ol>
<p>The emergence of a just, high-quality and inexpensive healthcare system merely requires us to shed the chains of the state.</p>
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		<title>A Máquina Paliativa: Monopólio Médico Sob Corporação-Estado</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/19651</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/19651#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Jun 2013 18:00:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sebastian A. Stern]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[O sistema de medicina dos Estados Unidos é corrupto, ineficaz e desnecessariamente caro. Esses resultados decorrem da violência do estado em favor da elite politicamente bem relacionada (especificamente seguradoras privadas, médicos, empresas farmacêuticas e de equipamento médico). Escassez artificial, superfaturamento, má alocação de financiamento de pesquisa e supressão de terapias alternativas (não patenteáveis) podem ser...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>O sistema de medicina dos Estados Unidos é corrupto, ineficaz e desnecessariamente caro. Esses resultados decorrem da violência do estado em favor da elite politicamente bem relacionada (especificamente seguradoras privadas, médicos, empresas farmacêuticas e de equipamento médico). Escassez artificial, superfaturamento, má alocação de financiamento de pesquisa e supressão de terapias alternativas (não patenteáveis) podem ser remediados mediante revogação dos privilégios concedidos pelo estado à elite e pelo restabelecimento de financiamento cooperativo e mutualizado dos cuidados de saúde.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“Se o governo nos prescrevesse nossos medicamentos e dieta, nossos corpos ficariam na mesma situação em que se encontram atualmente nossas almas.”</p>
<div style="padding-left: 30px;">Thomas Jefferson, <a href="http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions40.html">Notas acerca do Estado de Virgínia</a>, Questionamento 17, 157–61</div>
<p><strong>Seguro Mercearia</strong></p>
<p>O problema essencial do financiamento médico é descrito pela analogia do Seguro Mercearia — pagamento por terceiro (nominalmente seguradoras “privadas” <em>ou </em>o estado) divorcia preço de custo, distribui responsabilidade, suprime competição e exerce pressão altista sobre os preços: quando seu segurador só impõe uma pequena franquia para <em>cada ida </em>ao supermercado, você provavelmente comprará muito mais caviar, <em>filé mignon </em>e óleo de trufas brancas.</p>
<p>Analogamente, o vendedor aumentará os preços. Quando outra pessoa paga, o vendedor e o comprador não têm interesses antagônicos; o vendedor quer cobrar preços mais altos, e o comprador não se importa. Em última análise, os custos são externados. As companhias de seguros são inescrupulosas em seus esforços para conter custos, negar cobertura e ludibriar clientes (por necessidade) – a despeito de tudo, os custos são agregados ao fundo de seguro e redistribuído em forma de prêmios mais altos para todos. Não existe almoço de graça, e o modelo de seguros está baseado em tentar abocanhar o seu.</p>
<p>O estado, desorganizado como é, tem menos incentivo para ser implacável na minimização de custos, mas imenso desperdício é objeto de baixa contábil sob a rubrica de gasto humanitário <em>indispensável</em>. O estado sofre de deseconomias de escala, inércia burocrática, falta de incentivo para economizar e, por sua natureza, o estado é centralizado e propenso a corrupção. Hospitais, companhias farmacêuticas e médicos tiram proveito do inepto Panóptico mediante superfaturamento, empurroterapia e execução de procedimentos desnecessários.</p>
<p>Assim, pois, o sistema de duas vertentes de não prestação de contas empura os custos de cuidados de saúde numa única direção – para cima. Enquanto isso, pagadores de tributos e de prêmios são extorquidos sem ter para onde fugir – a tal ponto que 17% do PIB dos Estados Unidos e 23% do orçamento federal são gastos em cuidados de doença. Ninguém deveria culpar as pessoas doentes por o sistema estar quebrado; elas funcionam dentro de constrangimentos muito estreitos, especialmente falta de acesso a comida saudável, água limpa, informação médica precisa, e suportam condições de trabalho inseguras. Afirmar que as pessoas são aproveitadoras hedonistas do que ganham de graça é fácil. Poucas farão escolhas saudáveis por causa do espectro de custos médicos futuros; fazem-nos para evitar contrair doença. O problema é que há poucas opções, ponto final, e essas são todas insalubres.</p>
<p><strong>Seja Seu Alimento Seu Remédio, ou Hipócrates Rolando no Túmulo</strong></p>
<p>A cultura estadunidense não é conducente a saúde ideal. Comidas típicas estadunidenses são cachorros-quentes, hambúrgueres, refrigerantes e “comida étnica” culturalmente apropriada com aumento do conteúdo de sal, gordura e açúcar. O estado tornou difícil para as pessoas (especialmente as pobres) o consumo de comida saudável.</p>
<p>Planos quinquenais centralmente impostos chamados Estatutos Agrícolas subsidiam certos alimentos (milho, soja, trigo, canola, açúcar, laticínios), abrem espaço para modificação genética, biocidas e fertilizantes petroquímicos, e subtraem influência aos produtores locais. O estado afirma estar protegendo produtores rurais familiares, que quase já não existem mais. Essas formas de proteção na verdade subsidiam os lucros de empresas tais como Monsanto, Syngenta, ConAgra e Archer Daniels Midland (ADM). Na verdade, para manipulação de preços, alguns produtores agrícolas são pagos para <em>não </em>produzir alimentos.</p>
<p>Essa é a insanidade econômica da agricultura de lucro privatizado e custo socializado de Chomsky; a União Soviética fracassou por motivos similares, particularmente o problema do conhecimento de Hayek. Mescle a impossibilidade de calcular os parâmetros apropriados de um sistema complexo com corrupção corporativa institucionalizada e <em>voilà -</em> o sistema de agricultura estadunidense. Como o próprio Dwayne Andreas da ADM disse de modo espirituosamente incisivo: “Não há um único grão de qualquer coisa que seja vendido num livre mercado. Nem um! O único lugar onde você vê livre mercado é nos discursos dos políticos.” [1] Isso mesmo, Sr. Andreas, e o senhor é o beneficiário.</p>
<p>A crise de alimentos é caracterizada por superabundância de alimentos insalubres e escassez de saudáveis. Nas zonas centrais urbanas decadentes têm surgido “desertos de alimentos;” grandes radiais onde não é possível encontrar hortifrutigranjeiros frescos – apenas lojas de bebidas alcoólicas e de armas de fogo. Soluções racionais radicais incluem projetos agrícolas urbanos de larga escala tais como Poder de Cultivo, Movimento Transição e os Cultivadores Urbanos Sempre Verdes de Cleveland. A crise de alimentos não é o foco da presente perquirição mas, de qualquer modo, ela é  crítica.</p>
<p>Nem é a qualidade da água grande coisa. Flúor, cloro, metais pesados, escorrência agrícola superficial e componentes sintéticos, inclusive produtos farmacêuticos, DDT e bisfenol A contaminam a água por cuja proteção o estado é pretensamente responsável. Cada vez mais comunidades estão removendo a medicação forçada do flúor da água, mas isso é fácil em comparação com, digamos, impedir que resíduos de mercúrio oriundo de hulha se acumulem em região banhada por sistema fluvial. A filtragem da água é mecanismo vitalmente importante que, infelizmente, desfavorece os pobres ou desinformados.</p>
<p>A solução sustentável de longo prazo para a crise dos cuidados de saúde é ir à raiz doença – dieta e estilo de vida. Assim sendo, questões relativas a custos, e tecnicismos administrativos, são ociosos. Entretanto, se a sociedade atingisse alto nível de saúde, <em>algumas</em>pessoas (talvez aquelas com distúrbios predominantemente genéticos) ainda assim poderiam ter atendimento de baixa qualidade. Infelizmente, dentro dos atuais constrangimentos, é improvável que pessoas em número suficiente tenham o esclarecimento e a iniciativa para colocarem sua saúde nos trilhos por conta própria. Portanto, o sistema médico precisa ser refeito para parar de ferir as pessoas (mas não pela força, expropriação de propriedade, ou outras formas de autoritatismo).</p>
<p><strong>O Templo do Médico</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“Primeiro, Não Cause Dano.” – Hipócrates</p>
<p>Os guarda-pós brancos são vistos como reis-deuses da ciência (e os médicos amiúde acreditam nisso, desenvolvendo eles próprios arrogantes complexos de deus). Sua condição alcançada via de regra resulta de sua condição herdada; apenas os nascidos em famílias abonadas, antes de tudo, podem permitir-se tornar-se médicos. Isso perpetua uma noção classista de superioridade intelectual e tomada de decisões “Eu é Que Entendo Deste Assunto” em cuidados de saúde.</p>
<p>A relação entre doutor (da raiz latina <em>docere</em>, ou ensinar) e paciente não mais é de compaixão, respeito e livre contrato; há uma assimetria de poder na qual o doutor não pode ser questionado (e ele ridiculariza ideias não ortodoxas). Os médicos inclusive têm uniformes, títulos e salários prestigiosos para robustecimento de sua superioridade. Os doutores começam a acreditar saber tudo e a desdenhar automaticamente de tratamentos a eles não ensinados na faculdade.</p>
<p>Nem faz tanto tempo que o Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis foi expulso da profissão (e enlouqueceu) por ousar sugerir que os médicos lavassem as mãos entre autópsias e partos. Foi posteriormente conhecido como o “Salvador Húngaro das Mulheres,” porque os índices de infecção das novas mães caíram abruptamente depois de sua teoria excêntrica ter sido posta em prática.</p>
<p>Dito tudo isso, os doutores podem também ser salvadores de vidas, santos, gênios e visionários. O presente sistema médico, entretanto, não atrai esses tipos, nem é conducente a fazer vir à tona essas virtudes nos praticantes de medicina. O problema não está no indivíduo, mas na instituição. Os policiais, na maioria, não são brutamontes repressores eles próprios, mas a instituição da polícia serve para esmagar dissidência, conduzir guerra contra as pessoas pobres e proteger a propriedade roubada pela elite. Como disse Omali Yeshitela, uma força policial militarizada “só se torna necessária numa conjuntura na qual existem aqueles que têm e aqueles que não têm.”</p>
<p><strong>Destrutivo Sindicato de Trabalhadores: A Associação Médica Estadunidense</strong></p>
<p>Os conservadores há muito tempo desdenham dos sindicatos de trabalhadores. Afirmam que os consumidores são prejudicados por preços mais altos, que os sindicatos usam táticas terroristas, e que a “minoria perseguida” de Rand, os grandes homens de negócios e acionistas corporativos, são insultados pelas exigências arrogantes de trabalhadores emproados.</p>
<p>Deixando de lado o fato de que os sindicatos de trabalhadores estabeleceram o dia de oito horas, fins de semana, e eliminaram o trabalho infantil, os sindicatos de trabalhadores são vitais para modelos econômicos de capitalismo liberal; o trabalho organizado é a máquina por trás da ascensão dos salários. As afirmações de que os sindicatos de trabalhadores são injustos dificilmente são de ser tomadas a sério, dada a importância do Movimento Trabalhista no início do século 20 para assegurar condições básicas de decência no local de trabalho. [2] De qualquer forma, as cooperativas de trabalhadores tornam tanto sindicatos quanto chefes obsoletos e são, em verdade, mais eficientes do que empresas capitalistas fundadas em relação escravo-senhor. [3]</p>
<p>Há contudo pelo menos um pseudo-sindicato inquestionavelmente destrutivo: a Associação Médica Estadunidense &#8211; AMA. A AMA usa sua considerável influência política para limitar o número de médicos que podem ser treinados anualmente, tornando os médicos artificialmente escassos e alcançando salários mais altos no mercado. Primeiro declarada em 1924 por Morris Fishbein, a AMA continua a conduzir guerra não abertamente reconhecida contra modalidades competidoras tais como quiropraxia, naturopatia e parteiras. A mesma cruzada é levada a efeito pela Associação Odontológica Estadunidense, Sociedade Estadunidense do Câncer, Instituto Nacional do Câncer e Academia Estadunidense de Pediatria. [4]</p>
<p>É preciso pagar por grau de MD, D.O., N.D. e por uma licença governamental para praticar até mesmo medicina básica. Faculdades de medicina e médicos são artificialmente escassos e farmácias autorizadas pelo estado só reconhecem a legitimidade <em>deles</em> para escreverem receitas. Os pacientes têm de pagar o custo amortizado da faculdade de medicina para obterem uma simples receita de antibiótico. Na China, médicos chamados de médicos de pés descalços recebem quantidade moderada de treinamento médico e viajam pelo país tratanto de condições médicas comuns tais como infecções e fraturas. [5] Paralelamente ao envelhecimento dos nascidos na explosão populacional do pós-guerra, requerendo mais cuidados médicos, há desesperadora escassez de provedores médicos. Como guilda que é, a AMA faz lobby para impedir que enfermeiros práticos e assistentes de médicos pratiquem sem a supervisão paternalista de um guarda-pó branco. [6]</p>
<p>Só médicos podem assumir riscos médicos sérios e cometer equívocos médicos sérios. Qual a dimensão dos equívocos que os médicos podem cometer é questão muito debatida, e é difícil ver como poderia ser completamente diferente. Em que ponto risco razoável torna-se negligência? Quando é que a atividade necessariamente arriscada de conter o anjo da morte torna-se licença para cometer equívocos horrendos?</p>
<p>No presente, a regra britânica é que ‘médicos’ que tenham recebido certificação do governo (isto é, da oligarquia médica patrocinada pelo governo &#8211; nunca é demais mencionar isto, pois é a essência da questão) podem assumir riscos médicos muito mais graves do que aqueles que sejam &#8216;médicos&#8217; apenas na opinião de seus pacientes.</p>
<p>Se um médico (certificado pelo governo) fizer uma operação de algum tipo e a operação der errado (como ocorrerá sempre com operações, vez por outra), bem, essas coisas acontecem. Não há como ser médico sem cometer o equivalente médico de erros, no esporte, de cálculo de tempo, ou de deixar cair a bola depois de agarrá-la, ou de cometer o erro tipográfico ocasional. Por outro lado, se você não for &#8216;médico&#8217; e assumir riscos médicos, então, <em>mesmo que tudo dê certo</em>, enfrentará problemas legais. [7]</p>
<p>Com efeito, um monopólio de licença, considerado razoável pelo estado, protege a negligência e proíbe a certos tipos de pessoas a prática da medicina, a despeito de demanda pelos pacientes.</p>
<p><strong>O <em>Golpe de Estado</em> <em></em>– Relatório Flexner</strong></p>
<p>No Ocidente, as drogas farmacêuticas nem sempre foram a opção principal de tratamento. Antes de 1910, as formas dominantes de medicina eram nutricionais, herbais, osteopáticas, e cirúrgicas. O uso habitual de comprimidos e a frase “Um Comprimido Para Cada Doença” são fenômenos relativamente novos.</p>
<p>A mudança rumo ao tratamento farmacêutico derivado de petroquímicos começou em 1910, com o <em></em><em>golpe de estado</em>educacional de John D. Rockefeller e Andrew Carnegie, o Relatório Flexner. Esse relatório foi uma pesquisa reformatada para proposta formal, acompanhada de doações maciças a certas faculdades (propinas), que estabeleceu o código das instituições médicas que temos hoje. A estipulação precípua era a de que essas faculdades enfatizasssem drogas farmacêuticas de preferência a métodos tradicionais de tratamento.</p>
<p>O relatório também recomendava a fusão das faculdades de medicina com as universidades, o que fez subir o custo da instrução em medicina, limitando o acesso a todos, exceto às pessoas do sexo masculino brancas da classe alta. Ademais, o pacto estipulava que novas faculdades de medicina só poderiam ser criadas com aprovação do estado. Os barões ladrões reestruturaram o sistema de formação médica porque desejavam remodelar a  imagem pública de si próprios, mas também para urdirem uma indústria geradora de lucros nas décadas seguintes. [8] Rockefeller era também eugenista, esperando produzir um Übermensch [Super Homem] usando o novo campo da genética, que ele financiou largamente em Colúmbia e no Laboratório Cold Spring Harbor.</p>
<p>É de duvidar que mesmo os barões ladrões pudessem imaginar o quanto a situação dos medicamentos escapou de controle. A mesma falta de visão provavelmente se aplica ao monopólio da Standard Oil de Rockefeller — em seu evangelismo da gasolina, John D. provavelmente não esperava que a geopolítica viesse a girar em torno do petróleo como hoje gira. Mudanças desconhecidas porém influentes de políticas têm efeitos duradouros e caóticos. Isso é especialmente verdade quando legislação simples tem, de uma penada, o poder de desencadear a potente propaganda conhecida como anúncio direto ao consumidor.</p>
<p>Há trinta anos o agressivo executivo principal da Merck, Henry Gadsden, disse à revista Fortune de sua mágoa pelo fato de os mercados em potencial da empresa terem ficado limitados a pessoas doentes. Sugerindo que preferiria que a Merck fosse ‘mais como a fabricante de goma de mascar Wrigley’s,’ Gadsden lamentava acalentar, de longa data, sonho de fazer medicamentos para pessoas saudáveis. Pois, se assim fosse, a Merck poderia ‘vender para todos.’ Três décadas depois, o sonho do falecido Henry Gadsden tornou-se realidade. [9]</p>
<p>Os anúncios diretos ao consumidor começaram em 1981, e realmente deslancharam em 1995. A grande indústria farmacêutica convence você de que você está doente, que você tem “maus genes,” e só drogas farmacêuticas baseadas na indústria petroquímica tornarão você saudável. Para dar suporte a esse mito, empresas como Pfizer, Ely Lilly, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline e Sandoz são amiúde flagradas conluiando-se com a academia para apresentar falsamente eficácia de medicamentos aos médicos. A indústria da doença também faz lobby junto a políticos para assegurar que os lucros sejam maximizados em todas as frentes, independentemente das consequências humanas.</p>
<p>Nos dias de hoje, a grande indústria farmacêutica promove drogas para depressão crônica e transtoro de déficit de atenção &#8211; ADD. São tratamentos bandeide — o primeiro levanta o ânimo e mata a emoção a fim de anestesiar os pacientes para os males de seu ambiente, e o segundo ministra a crianças anfetaminas viciantes para que elas se tornem robôs hiperestimulados que por fim desenvolvem psicoses e exaustão adrenal. Tudo isso numa tentativa de “tornar normal” o comportamento. Acontece que a resposta emocional é despertada por estímulos ambientais. Em outras palavras, há motivo para crianças não se sentarem quietinhas dentro do sistema de escolas públicas de modelo militar prussiano, e há justificativa para alguém sentir-se cronicamente deprimido no mundo moderno.</p>
<p>Interações de drogas farmacêuticas não podem ser preditas com qualquer grau de certeza. “A pessoa média acima de 65 anos hoje usa sete diferentes medicações por dia, quatro prescritas e três sem prescrição médida,” disse Andrew Duxbury, MD, professor associado de geriatria na Universidade do Alabama -UAB e diretor da clínica de cuidados a idosos da Clínica Kirklin da UAB. “Nunca houve estudo controlado em ser humano envolvendo mais de três medicamentos circulando no corpo ao mesmo tempo. Portanto ninguém sabe, científicamente, exatamente o que acontece no seu corpo quando você toma sete, 10, ou uma dúzia ao mesmo tempo.” [10]</p>
<p>Os médicos sabem muito acerca de farmacologia, mas não muito acerca de nutrição ou medicina preventiva. Fatores de dieta e estilo de vida são a causa principal de morte prematura. [11] Os médicos recebem quantidade mínima de educação dietética. Estudo de 2006 de todas as faculdades de medicina dos Estados Unidos comprovou que menos de 41% das 106 pesquisadas oferecia o mínimo de 25 horas ou mais recomendado pela Academia Nacional de Ciências em 1985. [12] Essa recomendação foi feita enquanto estavam no ar anúncios de margarina “saudável” – com gorduras trans que hoje se sabe aumentarem a incidência de câncer e de doença cardíaca.</p>
<p>Não é preciso dizer, talvez em 1985 subestimássemos a importância da nutrição e, à luz da moderna evidência, a recomendação deveria ser de mais do que o parco mínimo de 25 horas. Vinte e cinco horas de instrução é o mesmo que duas horas por dia, cinco dias por semana, durante um total de duas semanas e meia. Isso não é nada, dado o quanto dieta e estilo de vida contam na patogênese. No mesmo estudo, 88% dos instrutores expressaram necessidade de educação nutricional adicional.</p>
<p><strong>Má Ciência</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“Simplesmente não é mais possível acreditar em grande parte da pesquisa clínica que é publicada, ou confiar no juízo de médicos fidedignos ou em diretrizes médicas fidedignas. Não me é agradável chegar a essa conclusão, à qual cheguei vagarosa e relutantemente ao longo de minhas duas décadas como editora do Periódico de Medicina da Nova Inglaterra.” – Marcia Angell, M.D.</p>
<p>Como é que drogas que se revelam perigosas obtêm reputação robusta na comunidade médica, para começar? Apresentação enganosa de dados pela Grande Indústria Farmacêutica, pela FDA, e por órgãos normativos internacionais foi fator importante. A FDA no passado era financiada inteiramente pelo governo federal (época quando a cooptação corporativa era vista com desfavor).</p>
<p>Em 1992, George H.W. Bush modificou as regras, e a FDA agora obtém mais de 40% de sua receita de tributos cobrados de companhias farmacêuticas. A versão britânica da FDA obtém 70% da receita de companhias farmacêuticas, graças às reformas iniciais de Margaret Thatcher nos anos 1980. A FDA ter monopólio da regulamentação já é ruim o bastante, e os conservadores mercantilistas acima mencionados simplesmente exigiam suborno impudente. A solução é desmonopolizar a regulamentação e permitir que entidades como o Grupo de Trabalho Ambiental ou os Laboratórios Subscritores certifiquem segurança e qualidade.</p>
<p>Hoje, há uma porta giratória de influência de políticas públicas, lobby, academia e corporação. Há múltiplos métodos empregados para apresentar enganosamente a pesquisa. Nem toda pesquisa é publicada — apenas cerca de 40% dela aparecem em periódicos. Na pesquisa publicada, há um “viés de publicação,” onde estudos que mostram resultados positivos (mostram que os medicamentos funcionam) são mais amiúde publicados do que aqueles que mostram que os medicamentos não funcionam ou são tóxicos.</p>
<p>Outra técnica é “fatiar salame” — A Grande Indústria Farmacêutica<em> </em>menciona os mesmos dados múltiplas vezes em numerosos estudos. Não há móbil de lucro para pesquisa financiada independentemente que busca tirar medicamentos perigosos do mercado. Ademais, a pesquisa independente não é publicada nos principais periódicos como The Lancet ou NEJM. Finalmente, manipulação contábil padrão, ou distorção dos números: qualquer pessoa ao longo da cadeia de comando pode, com uma batida de tecla, corromper os dados. Pesquisa apoiada pela indústria precisa ser vista com colossal reserva. [13]</p>
<p>Por exemplo, metanálise de 166 estudos acerca do adoçante artificial da Monsanto aspartame correlacionou fonte de financiamento com resultados. Setenta e quatro foram financiados pela indústria e 92 foram financiados independentemente. Cem por cento dos estudos financiados pela indústria concluíram que esse aditivo à comida era seguro, enquanto 92% da pesquisa financiada independentemente identificou problemas. [14]</p>
<p>Tais riscos incluem excitotoxidade, convulsões, transtornos do humor, dores de cabeça, aumento de apetite e câncer. [15] [16] Dos seis estudos financiados “independentemente” que concluíram por <em>ausência</em> de perigo, cinco deles foram conduzidos pela FDA. Repetindo, isso faz com que <em>um </em>dentre 92 estudos financiados independentemente tenha concluído ser a substância segura. Até hoje, o aspartame é a substância que mais recebe reclamações dirigidas à FDA, a qual insiste em que o adoçante é seguro.</p>
<p><strong>“Propriedade” Intelectual – O Monopólio da Patente</strong></p>
<p>Os direitos de propriedade estão limitados àquilo que é finito, ou de reprodutividade limitada. Ideias não são fisicamente escassas. Analogamente, o oxigênio não é escasso, e portanto não é realista considerá-lo propriedade. A terra é escassa —<em> não está sendo fabricada em quantidade superior à existente</em>. Há bom motivo para utilizarem-se os direitos de propriedade para organização não violenta. O que, porém, acontece quando pretensa propriedade não existe fisicamente? É o caso da propriedade intelectual. É forma ilegítima, artificial de propriedade, que só existe por causa da violência do estado. Os subprodutos dos “direitos” de patente são rentismo de monopólio para o proprietário e escassez artificial para todo mundo mais. Este tópico é tratado em detalhe alhures [17] [18].</p>
<p>Algumas pessoas acreditam que as patentes são mal necessário para tornar atraente o desenvolvimento de novas ideias e tecnologias. Primeiro, é duvidoso que a maioria dos intelectuais seja precipuamente motivada por lucros excepcionais. Lucro nunca é inspiração para as grandes mentes. Como disse Jonas Salk, o descobridor da vacina para poliomielite: “Não existe patente. Poderá alguém patentear o sol?” Ele tinha uma intenção superior para sua descoberta; não queria que ninguém sofresse desnecessariamente a fim de que bolsos científicos pudessem ficar forrados de dinheiro.</p>
<p>Mesmo, porém, assumindo que pesquisa socialmente útil não ocorresse sem o potencial de lucros excepcionais, há um mecanismo de ocorrência natural no mercado que recompensa a originalidade: o inchamento de preços. Há um período de tempo entre o momento em que a invenção é levada ao mercado e o em que os competidores conseguem fazer engenharia reversa e manufaturar sua própria versão. Esse período permite que o inventor cobre alto preço (se valorizar seu ganho pessoal marginal mais do que a disponibilidade para as pessoas pobres). Mais importante, porém, eliminar patentes abriria espaço para <em>mais </em>criatividade. Nas atuais circunstâncias, os desenvolvedores não têm permissão para aproveitar ideias de outras pessoas sem o pagamento de royalties. Isso atrasa o progresso tecnológico.</p>
<p>No caso de medicamentos farmacêuticos essa dinâmica é particularmente perniciosa. Recente estudo concluiu que a indústria farmacêutica despendeu 24,4% de seus dólares de vendas em promoção, em contraste com 13,4% para pesquisa e desenvolvimento, como percentagem de vendas internas aos Estados Unidos de $235,4 biliões de dólares. [19] Os preços artificialmente altos protegidos por patentes privam os pobres de medicamentos necessários, como é o caso no tocante à medicação para malária e AIDS no mundo em desenvolvimento. Medicamentos genéricos, vendidos por preço de custo de produção, poderiam suavizar essa tragédia. Hoje, pessoas estão morrendo para impulsionar lucros. Por todos os critérios, a indústria farmacêutica é a mais lucrativa de todas. [20]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“Os lucros combinados das dez empresas de medicamentos na Fortune 500 ($35,9 biliões de dólares) foram maiores do que os lucros de todas as outras 490 empresas juntas ($33,7 biliões de dólares) [em 2002]. Nas últimas duas décadas a indústria farmacêutica distanciou-se enormemente de seu alto propósito original de descobrir e produzir novos medicamentos úteis. Agora precipuamente máquina de marketing para vender medicamentos de benefício duvidoso, essa indústria usa sua riqueza e seu poder para cooptar toda instituição que se interponha em seu caminho, inclusive o Congresso dos Estados Unidos, a FDA, centros médicos acadêmicos, e a própria profissão médica.” – Marcia Angell, médica.</p>
<p>[Por favor, para ver o gráfico de barras consulte o original em <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/19098" target="_blank">http://c4ss.org/content/19098</a>]</p>
<p>Para mais da ex-editora-em-chefe do NEJM, Marcia Angell, ver <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2004/jul/15/the-truth-about-the-drug-companies/" target="_blank">A Verdade Acerca das Empresas de Medicamentos</a>, <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/jun/08/your-dangerous-drugstore/" target="_blank">Sua Perigosa Farmácia</a>, e <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2009/jan/15/drug-companies-doctorsa-story-of-corruption/" target="_blank">Empresas de Medicamentos e Médicos</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Os Mercadores de Medicamentos</strong></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“Os remédios fazem você morrer vagarosamente.” – Plutarco</p>
<p>Pesquisar a indústria farmacêutica acaba com a fé da pessoa na humanidade. É como ler acerca do Congo do Rei Leopoldo, ou da pesquisa médica em campos de concentração nazistas. A pura intensidade da sociopatia da elite é impressionante. A extensa lista de crimes é longa demais para ser repetida aqui, mas basta dizer que a indústria inteira tem sido acusada de crimes contra a humanidade no Tribunal Criminal Internacional de Haia. [21]</p>
<p>Medicamentos xenobióticos são compostos químicos não encontrados em a natureza, e para os quais os seres humanos não dispõem de vias metabólicas eficientes de desintoxicação. <em>São também o único tratamento que as companhias farmacêuticas podem patentear</em>. Tratamentos herbais ou dietéticos não têm sido acolhidos pela indústria da doença, pois não podem ser patenteados. Precisamente por isso métodos dietéticos de Hipócrates, Pitágoras, Galeno, Avicena e da atual florescente legião de médicos de medicina natural são atacados e depreciados pela hegemonia vampiresca. Apesar disso, o público está acordando, e muitos médicos desertam para a medicina alternativa, e a demanda dentro desse setor está aumentando rapidamente. [22]</p>
<p>A Agência de Alimentos e Medicamentos &#8211; FDA é o setor de Gestapo do complexo industrial médico, promovendo a blitzkrieg da máquina contra a verdadeira saúde e a longevidade. Por décadas, a FDA sistematicamente levou a efeito incursões em cooperativas de alimentos, contra médicos usando terapias alternativas, fazendas, até<em>igrejas</em> em esforço para suprimir terapias autênticas. Ela envia vans cheias de equipes de SWAT com rifles M16, algemas e coletes à prova de balas. Documentos, computadores, dinheiro, ervas e dispositivos são confiscados, e dano excessivo é causado às instalações. A FDA justifica as incursões com base em acusações que são, posteriormente, retiradas, e sistematicamente impõe, depois, multas exorbitantes a seus alvos. [23]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“O que me aborrece é as pessoas acharem que a FDA as está protegendo. O que a FDA está fazendo e o que o público pensa que ela está fazendo são tão diferentes quanto dia e noite.” &#8211; Dr. Herbert Ley, ex-comissário da FDA (1968-9)</p>
<p>A FDA restringe acesso tempestivo e de preço razoável a medicamentos necessários, mente acerca da segurança e eficácia a fim de proteger lucros, suprime terapias alternativas e desacredita médicos que as utilizam com sucesso. [24]</p>
<p>Em 2010, o Presidente Barack Obama nomeou o ex-advogado da Monsanto Michael Taylor como Comissário Adjunto de Alimentos da FDA. Ao longo de sua carreira, Taylor vacilou entre representar a Monsanto e trabalhar para a FDA — uma porta giratória <em>par excellance. </em>Em 1994, Taylor determinou que a FDA <em>não </em>exigisse que fosse rotulado o hormônio do crescimento recombinante bovino (rBGH), [25] que é tóxico para seres humanos e vacas. [26] Ele é proibido em países mais civilizados como Canadá, Austrália e Japão (e em toda a União Europeia).</p>
<p>Até julho de 1988, as autoridades alfandegárias dos Estados Unidos confiscavam qualquer sulfato dextrano que pacientes de AIDS trouxessem do Japão. Essa droga revelava alguma eficácia em inibir a capacidade do vírus HIV de atacar células brancas do sangue. Não deveriam as pessoas doentes ser livres para se informar e tratar de si próprias? A mesma lógica se aplica à fracassada e draconiana Guerra às Drogas; o indivíduo soberano está totalmente dentro de seu direito ao administrar a si próprio qualquer substância, independentemente das consequências pessoais. Só ao agredir outra pessoa comete transgressão.</p>
<p>Há muitas terapias de câncer não ortodoxas, como os antineoplastos do Dr. Stanislaw Burzynski, [27] o protocolo Gerson, chá de Essiac, ácido elágico, laetrile, ácido ascórbico em alta dosagem, terapia eletromagnética, e dúzias de terapias dietéticas. [28] São todas altamente controvertidas, principalmente não por serem arriscadas, e sim porque se qualquer delas funcionar, ameaçará os lucros monopolizados das companhias farmacêuticas. De qualquer forma, a eficácia e toxicologia dessas terapias é irrelevante; os indivíduos precisam ser livres para escolher a própria medicina. No presente, a FDA processa, multa, prende e revoga a licença de qualquer médico que use métodos proibidos.</p>
<p>Otimistamente, a maré está mudando, e o Movimento de Liberdade em Saúde está ganhando força, exigindo reforma e eliminação da FDA em favor de agências do mercado tais como o Grupo de Trabalho Ambiental. Temos, como tema recorrente na autoritária estrutura federal dos Estados Unidos, o caso de uma agência centralizada, cooptada, protecionista, iludindo e tornando doente a população em favor de lucros de curto prazo. [29]</p>
<p>A máquina da doença não apenas extorque as pessoas vendendo a altos preços remédios de charlatão, como também reprime sistematicamente pesquisa de terapias eficazes, e até revoga as licenças de médicos que usem protocolos de tratamento não tóxicos e/ou baseados em nutrição. Célere se aproxima o dia quando a população transporá limiar de consciência e exigirá desforra da trindade impura que é a aliança FDA-Academia-Indústria Farmacêutica.</p>
<p>Para o milhão que morrerá este ano de doença cardíaca<em>evitável </em>e câncer, e os 100.000 por ano que morrerão de reações adversas a medicamentos, a mudança poderá não chegar a tempo. [30]</p>
<p>Livro recente, de Ben Goldacre, <a href="http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/bad_pharma_interview_with_ben_goldacre/" target="_blank">Má Indústria Farmacêutica</a>, detalha algumas das transgressões da indústria.</p>
<p><strong>Estudo de Caso: Dr. John Richardson e laetrile (amigdalina)</strong></p>
<p>O Dr. John Richardson tinha uma clínica em Albany, Califórnia. Em 1972, foi objeto de incursão da FDA por prescrever um medicamento não aprovado para câncer chamado laetrile.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Autoridades armadas irromperam em seu consultório e, na presença de pacientes (bem como de fotógrafos de notícias que a FDA havia avisado para que cobrissem a prisão), algemaram-no, e a suas duas enfermeiras, e os arrastaram para a prisão como criminosos perigosos. O consultório foi pilhado e os arquivos pessoais e a correspondência do Dr. Richardson foram apreendidos. Pacientes necessitados de tratamento médico foram mandados para casa. Uma criança com câncer avançado da perna morreu pouco depois. É possível que a morte pudesse ter sido evitada não fora a interrupção do tratamento e o trauma psicológico da criança, resultante da incursão. [31]</p>
<p>Seja o medicamento eficiente ou não, alguns pacientes o desejam. Por que deveria o estado tratar um médico como criminoso por oferecer um serviço procurado pelas pessoas? Será que, no fundo, o estado realmente busca o melhor interesse das pessoas? O Dr. Richardson não é caso especial; esse é o modo padrão de proceder da FDA.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Há muitos outros homens corajosos que ficaram em situação delicadíssima. O Dr. Ernst Krebs, co-descobridor do laetrile, foi mandado para a prisão por fornecer ácido pangâmico (vitamina B15) como terapia auxiliar no tratamento do câncer. O Dr. James Privitera, M.D., de Covina, California, cumpriu pena de prisão por alegada “conspiração para vender laetrile.” O Dr. Bruce Halstead, M.D., de Loma Linda, Califórnia, outro defensor do laetrile, perdeu sua licença médica por usar o medicamento herbal “não comprovado” chamado ADS (Aqua Del Sol) como intensificador do sistema imunológico. O Dr. Douglas Brodie, de Reno, Nevada, outro especialista em laetrile, cumpriu pena de prisão, alegadamente por “sonegação de imposto de renda.”</p>
<p>O próprio Dr. Richardson resumiu a orwelliana pandemia artificial do estado como segue:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">A pessoa média, segura em sua casa e seu sustento, não havendo nunca sentido o ataque esmagador de literalmente centenas de advogados pagos com impostos, não ameaçada por sentença de prisão por meramente fazer o que sabe ser direito, tal pessoa simplesmente não tem como entender a lógica de um urso ferido.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Quando criminosos de guerra nazistas foram acusados de genocídio, defenderam-se alegando terem apenas cumprido ordens e obedecido as leis do estado nazista. O mundo civilizado gritou: “Culpados!” Espera-se que o homem se curve a uma lei mais alta do que a de qualquer estado. Quando as leis de um governo exigem que um homem condene pessoas inocentes à morte, este tem de rejeitar essas leis e ser fiel a sua consciência. Se não o fizer, não será diferente dos nazistas que foram enforcados por crimes de guerra. [&#8230;]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Quanto sofrimento e morte está o povo estadunidense disposto a aceitar antes de não se curvar à burocracia? Quantos médicos terão de ser postos na prisão antes de todos os médicos gritarem “basta!” ao crescente controle do governo sobre sua profissão? De quantos Watergates precisaremos antes de compreender que homens mortais são corrompidos pelo poder, e que a solução dos problemas de alguém repousa não em aumentar o poder do governo, e sim em diminuí-lo?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">O espírito de resistência está no ar. Ele é uma brisa refrescante, mas dá-me grande esperança. Já resolvi ficar sozinho se necessário for. Contudo, enquanto escrevo estas palavras finais, não consigo deixar de pensar, haverá alguém mais aí? [32]</p>
<p>O duas vezes vencedor do Prêmio Nobel Linus Pauling declarou: “Todo mundo deveria saber que a maior parte da pesquisa relativa a câncer tem muito de fraude e que as principais organizações de pesquisa de câncer são altamente negligentes no tocante a seus deveres para com as pessoas que as apoiam.” Entidades tais como as fundações Rockefeller, Ford e Carnegie atualmente financiam pesquisa de câncer, as mesmas fundações que, no passado, apoiaram o movimento eugênico (e hoje fazem negócio com empresas tais como a Monsanto). [33]</p>
<p><strong>Confusão Estatista Acerca de <em>Direitos</em></strong></p>
<p>As pessoas precisam ser livres para escolher sua medicina, e ter acesso (mas não <em>direito</em> imposto pelo estado) a cuidados médicos. Associação voluntária e comércio não violento entre pessoas livres é o meio mais eficaz e moral de serem proporcionados cuidados médicos acessíveis na ausência de coerção do estado.</p>
<p>É problemático quando a ação do estado é apresentada como “proteção de direitos,” porque o estado inicialmente restringiu o tipo de cuidados médicos que as pessoas obtêm e empobreceu os trabalhadores logo de início. [34] [35] O estado protege os direitos de seus súditos do mesmo modo que o fazendeiro protege seu rebanho: espuriamente, e apenas até o matadouro.</p>
<p>Estatistica bem-intencionada declara certos serviços <em>direitos</em>. Todo mundo reconhece certos direitos, particularmente direitos negativos, tais como não ser morto ou escravizado. Não deveria haver <em>direito </em>a bens ou serviços escassos <em>quando esse direito está alicerçado na tributação </em>(furto). Se uma sociedade livre quiser reconhecer tal direito, ele só poderá ser concretizado de maneira moral voluntariamente, apoiado na decência e na boa vontade humana, em vez de em monopólio e ordens oficiais.</p>
<p>O furto sistemático só é justificado sob o jugo do capitalismo; onde a classe proprietária tem empregado coerção (ou capitalizado em cima de violência preexistente do estado) para amealhar suas fortunas, tornando moral furtar uma parcela e redistribuí-la (se isso é o que verdadeiramente acontece na maioria dos estados do bem-estar social é duvidoso; o sistema de tributação pode em realidade ser regressivo e beneficiar mais assistencialismo à corporação do que cuidados reais para os pobres). [36]</p>
<p>“Minha ideia era subornar as classes trabalhadoras, ou, deveria eu dizer, ganhar o favor dela, de modo a ela ver o estado como uma instituição social existindo para o bem dela e interessado no bem-estar dela,” disse Otto von Bismarck. Certamente o estado assistencialista-beligerante é preferível à escola de estadismo histórica sangue-e-ferro pré-Bismarck; entretanto, isso é um paliativo, o <em>opium das volkes</em>. O bem-estar social é uma ferramenta funcionalista para manter a música tocando e o navio de escravos do capitalismo singrando ao ritmo dela. Todo mundo no navio quer ficar à tona, mas <em>por que</em>está no navio, antes de tudo, é algo menos investigado, debatido, ou entendido.</p>
<p>Felizmente, porém, a economia comportamental sugere que os seres humanos são altruístas e compartilham voluntariamente seu excedente. Há explicações para esse comportamento baseadas na ideia de evolução. Se um médico não oferecer cuidados médicos para os pobres, <em>todo mundo mais </em>na sociedade poderá nutrir sentimentos de altruísmo ou ter senso de justiça e destinar pequenos montantes de seu excedente para caridade. Poderá também aglutinar-se para ajuda mútua, sob acordos de seguro cooperativo.</p>
<p>O argumento de que o estado é necessário para fazer valer beneficência é circular. Se ninguém se preocupasse com caridade, não usaria esta como justificativa para controle pelo estado. As pessoas valorizam caridade e justiça <em>previamente </em>ao estado, que expropria a propriedade delas e dá apenas uma lasca para os necessitados.</p>
<p>Ademais, responsabilidade pessoal por uma sociedade falida é lançada nas costas do estado (“Não me responsabilizem, eu pago meus impostos!”). Esse pretenso dinheiro de tributação poderia também ter ido para caridade (amiúde mais eficiente do que programas assistencialistas do estado, por causa do overhead). Os estadunidenses já doam mais do que os residentes de 152 outros países – imaginem quanto mais ficaria disponível se um terço de seus ganhos não fosse roubados deles. [37] Enquanto isso, o estado dos Estados Unidos despende apenas 1,5% do orçamento federal em “ajuda” externa (inclusive armas e projetos de infraestrutura que, no final das contas, beneficiam corporações estadunidenses). A avaliação radical é que o capitalismo de estado cria ou exacerba as condições que <em>tornam necessária </em>a caridade antes de tudo.</p>
<p>Como a maioria dos problemas sociais, a crise dos cuidados de saúde é exacerbada por dois fatores: ignorância e pobreza.</p>
<p>As “massas imundas” são desencaminhadas pela mídia de Edward Bernays e Joseph Goebbels para consumir hedonisticamente (alimento e medicamento) até o ponto da doença e, em seguida, buscam alguma panaceia (outra coisa que possam <em>comprar</em>) para serem curadas. Abstinência, disciplina e moderação (por mais solenemente puritanas que sejam essas palavras) não entram no cenário. O ascetismo é ruim para os lucros! A saúde existe num estado de equilíbrio (homeostase). O desequilíbrio leva à doença. Hoje, a pretensa cura para envenenamento é um tipo de veneno ligeiramente diferente (medicamentos).</p>
<p>A ignorância disseminada não é coincidência. No início do século 20 a classe trabalhadora tinha alto nível de alfabetização, ouvia preleções e publicava seus próprios periódicos. O sistema educacional atual está eivado de violência do estado, levando a propaganda jingoísta e a ultrafiltragem em vez de a esclarecimento autêntico, porque a maioria das pessoas é pobre demais para prover suas próprias escolas.</p>
<p>Assim, para obter financiamento do estado (o próprio dinheiro delas, para começar &#8211; pilhagem tributária), as comunidades abrem mão de seu direito de educar seus filhos como entendem melhor. Portanto os estudantes fazem juramento de lealdade à bandeira, sob Deus, e comemoram o Dia de Colombo. O sistema escolar é concebido para manufaturar trabalhadores obedientes e eficientes &#8211; não livres-pensadores. [38] [39] Essa ignorância manufaturada contribui para saúde precária, especialmente mediante engendrar deferência condicionada a figuras de autoridade tais como médicos e autoridades da FDA.</p>
<p>Pobreza é encontrada no cerne dos problemas sociais mais perniciosos. A maior parte dos crimes é cometida por necessidade de dinheiro. As pessoas não podem viver vidas plenas e libertadoras porque precisam <em>trabalhar</em>para adiar aprofundamento de sua destituição (amiúde debalde).</p>
<p>A pobreza é também o motivo pelo qual as pessoas não podem pagar cuidados médicos próprios do próprio bolso; somos forçados a nos agrupar e coletivizar para sobreviver (ou na genuína solidariedade das sociedades de ajuda mútua ou no torniquete da desumanizadora administração da saúde pelo estado). Se os trabalhadores recebessem o valor pleno de seu trabalho, talvez tais mecanismos de sobrevivência fossem desnecessários.</p>
<p><strong>Medicina de Monopólio do Estado</strong></p>
<p>Sistema de pagante único não resolverá os problemas básicos de alimentos tóxicos, medicamentos e estilo de vida. O socialismo de estado parece funcionar bem em lugares como Escandinávia, mas a saúde do povo de lá, para começar, é melhor do que a nossa (e o povo, de modo geral, é mais civilizado). [40] Mesmo pessoas que vivem em estados com cuidados de saúde “socializados” poderiam ficar em melhor situação usando o modelo libertário-socialista de ajuda mútua.</p>
<p>A essas nações falta também a cultura de compadrio capitalista que os Estados Unidos têm em alto grau. Os mesmos Estados Unidos onde o projeto de lei do Obamacare foi rascunhado por Liz Fowler, lobista da indústria médica. [41] Fowler trabalhou na Seguradora Well Point antes de rascunhar o projeto de lei, depois foi advogada do Congresso, e desde então passou pela porta giratória para os braços acolhedores da gigante farmacêutica Johnson and Johnson. [42]</p>
<p>Não, Obama não é messias socialista radical; seu projeto é uma propina para a indústria, típica do corporatismo-estado “Progressista.” <em>Se ao menos </em>ele fosse socialista, no sentido em que Benjamin Tucker usava o termo.</p>
<p>O analista da política de saúde de Washington Ramsey Baghdadi prevê ganho líquido de $30 biliões de dólares em dez anos para a indústria farmacêutica. “A indústria farmacêutica saiu melhor dessa situação do que todo mundo mais – não vejo como pudesse ter feito muito melhor,” disse. A indústria obteve polpudas concessões com o Obamacare, como evidenciado pela alta dos preços dos serviços de saúde e das ações de seguradoras no dia em que o Supremo Tribunal manteve o projeto de lei.</p>
<p>As concessões para a indústria incluem: patentes de nome de marca válidas por 12 anos, com subsídios federais crescentes para medicamentos. Os lobistas impediram a importação de medicamentos fabricados no exterior, restringiram a comercialização de genéricos por competidores e proibiram o Medicare de conseguir negociar preços de remédios. Os interesses farmacêuticos despenderam estimativamente $188 milhões de dólares em lobby em 2009, com um exército de 1.105 lobistas, de acordo com o Centro de Política Responsiva. No que poderá representar choque para vítimas do engodo do menor dos dois males, os Democratas, há muito tempo, abriram mão de qualquer tentativa de aparentar oporem-se ao poder corporativo e aceitaram 56% do total de suborno – mais do que os Republicanos. [43] [44]</p>
<p>Os métodos das organizações de gerência de saúde voltada para o lucro também são problemáticos. Por exemplo, tomemos a abjeta conversa de 1971 gravada em fita entre o sempre abominável Richard Nixon e o assistente John D. Ehrlichman (de notoriedade de Watergate) que levou à Lei HMO de 1973:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Ehrlichman: “Edgar Kaiser está administrando seu acordo Permanente para efeito de lucro. E o motivo que ele pode &#8230; o motivo pelo qual ele pode fazê-lo &#8230; eu fiz com que Edgar Kaiser &#8230; falasse comigo acerca do assunto e ele aprofundou o tema até certo ponto. Todos os incentivos tendem para menos cuidados de saúde, porque quanto menos cuidados de saúde forem dados, mais dinheiro eles ganham.”</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">President Nixon: “Excelente.”</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Ehrlichman: “… e os incentivos seguem o caminho correto.”</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">President Nixon: “Nada mau.”</p>
<p>Como descrito por Thomas Princen em A Lógica da Suficiência:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Nos anos 1990s, organizações de manutenção de saúde (HMO) assumiram grande parte dos cuidados de saúde nos Estados Unidos. [&#8230;] Joseph R. Wilder, professor emérito de pesquisa na Faculdade de Medicina Monte Sinai em New York, foi médico por cerca de cinquenta anos, vinte como chefe de equipe cirúrgica. Em cirurgias eficientes, de alta qualidade, descobriu que podem ocorrer erros: ‘é prática comum, em muitas instituições, o cirurgião começar uma operação e depois sair a certa altura, deixando um assistente terminá-la.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">O médico pode correr para uma segunda sala de operação, onde outro assistente preparou outro paciente para cirurgia. Tudo o que o atarefado cirurgião vê é um local de operação — uma secção do abdômen, por exemplo, onde uma hérnia está por ser reparada. [&#8230;] Suponha que o assistente, lendo equivocadamente um gráfico ou trabalhando a partir de registro impreciso, tenha coberto o lado errado do abdômen,’ diz Wilder. ‘Toda a habilidade do cirurgião será inútil se ele não fizer uma verificação ele próprio antes de começar a cortar.’</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Cenário improvável? De modo algum; de acordo com estudo competente do Instituto de Medicina, entre 44.000 e 98.000 estadunidenses morrem cada ano por causa de erros médicos. No passado, os cirurgiões começavam, efetuavam e completavam cada operação; até colocavam as bandagens e cuidavam para que o paciente fosse removido adequadamente da mesa de operação. Para as HMO, isso seria terrivelmente ineficiente. [&#8230;] Os hospitais funcionam como fábricas, tornam médicos e enfermeiras semelhantes aos funcionários de linha de Frederick Winslow Taylor. [45]</p>
<p>Como pode a medicina, uma disciplina alicerçada na compaixão e não no ganho material, ser tirada das garras da indústria de seguros <em>e </em>do estado?</p>
<p><strong>Soluções Não Violentas</strong></p>
<p>O cerne da solução é aumentar o grau de consciência, com mais pessoas pulando para fora do navio Titanic do “corte e envenene” biomédico. [46] Os consumidores estão-se educando quanto a alimentação saudável, suplementos e estilos de vida, e usando terapias “alternativas.” O NIH descobriu que quatro em cada 10 adultos informaram estar usando Medicina Complementar e Alternativa (CAM) nos últimos 12 meses, sendo 17,7% de tais tratamentos com medicações herbais. [47]</p>
<p>As pessoas com níveis mais elevados de educação mais provavelmente empregarão CAM, [48] o que poderá parcialmente refletir o fato de que a cobertura pública de saúde usada por pessoas mais pobres tende a não cobrir CAM. [49] Há esperança para consciência de saúde, mas também no financiamento e no próprio fornecimento.</p>
<p>Organizações de ajuda mútua, na tradição da Ajuda Mútua do anarquista Pyotr Kropotkin: Um Fator em Evolução, floresceram antes do estabelecimento do estado do bem-estar social.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">As sociedades fraternais eram associações autogovernadas de benefício mútuo fundadas por trabalhadores manuais para proteção em tempos difíceis. Elas distinguiam fortemente sua filosofia orientadora da filantropia que se situa no cerne do trabalho caritativo. A associação de benefício mútuo não era gerida por um conjunto de pessoas com a intenção de ajudar outro grupo distinto, era uma associação de indivíduos comprometidos com ajudarem-se uns aos outros quando surgisse a ocasião. [50]</p>
<p>Em 1892, aproximadamente 6,8 a 7 milhões de trabalhadores industriais britânicos eram estimativamente membros de programas de seguro mútuo. [51] O sistema foi cooptado pela Associação Médica Britânica com a aprovação da Lei Nacional de Seguros de 1911 e depois finalmente sobrepujado pelo Serviço Nacional de Saúde em 1948.</p>
<p>Sistema comumente usado nos Estados Unidos era denominado prática de albergue, pelo qual uma sociedade fraternal subscrevia o serviço de diversos médicos por uma taxa fixa baixa. [52] Em sua incisiva análise A Crise da Saúde: Uma Crise de Escassez Artificial, [53] Kevin Carson descreveu um sistema precoce de cuidados de saúde anticapitalista de livre mercado:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Os Estados Unidos estavam muito atrás tanto dos britânicos quanto dos australianos em prática de albergue. Nesses últimos países, mais da metade dos assalariados antes da Primeira Guerra Mundial podem ter tido acesso a serviços de médicos por meio de prática de albergue. [54] Era, sem embargo, bastante prevalecente nos Estados Unidos. O comissário de saúde de New York City, em 1915, observou que em muitas comunidades a prática de albergue era ‘o método escolhido ou estabelecido de lidar com a doença entre os relativamente pobres.’ [55] [&#8230;]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">O custo de cobertura por meio de prática de albergue era em média de em torno de $2 dólares por ano — aproximadamente um dia de salário — e alguns albergues ofereciam cobertura para membros da família à mesma taxa. E esse era o preço típico de uma única visita doméstica de um médico que cobrava cada serviço separadamente à época. Mais que isso, a competição da prática de albergue provavelmente resultou em preços mais baixos pelos serviços dos médicos em prática privada. [56] Essa foi, talvez, um dos motivos pelo forte ressentimento da classe média.</p>
<p>A indústria médica reagiu deflagrando guerra à prática de albergue e limitando o suprimento de médicos. “Entre 1910 e 1930, o número de médicos por 100.000 pessoas encolheu de 164 para 125, em grande parte por causa das exigências cada vez mais estritas de licença, e por causa de redução do número de faculdades de medicina (em mais da metade entre 1904 e 1922).” [57] Isso se deveu em grande parte ao <em>golpe</em> do relatório Flexner.</p>
<p>Além disso, “o governo federal estimulou a substituição do seguro baseado em albergue por seguro oferecido pelo empregador, tornando o fornecimento de seguro em grupo da empregados dedutível de impostos sem dar tratamento tributário similar para prêmios de seguros de grupos baseados em albergue.” [58]</p>
<p>O seguro médico desde então ficou vinculado ao emprego. A hegemonia do seguro baseado no empregador atrela os trabalhadores a seu emprego — também denominada “diminuição da rotatividade,” com os trabalhadores temendo falar por medo de serem jogados na rua sem cobertura médica. Têm sido feitas tentativas modernas para criação de planos de cuidados de saúde compassivos e acessíveis, as quais porém têm sido subvertidas por barreiras do estado à entrada desses planos no mercado. Carson detalha os exemplos de John Muney, [59] da Aliança de Saúde de Ithaca, da PhilaHelthia e da clínica Qliance de Seattle. Esses provedores não-HMO afirmam economia de 25% só em papelada. [60]</p>
<p>Jesse Walker descreve circunspectamente a situação:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">[Os cuidados de saúde estatais] ainda aceitariam as premissas institucionais do presente sistema médico. Considere a transação típica estadunidense dos cuidados de saúde. Num dos lados da troca você terá um número de provedores artificialmente limitado, muitos desses provedores concentrados naquelas enormes instituições sem face chamadas hospitais.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Do outro lado, fazendo a compra está não um paciente, mas uma dessas enormes instituições sem face chamadas seguradoras. Espera-se que as seguradoras, algumas das quais são na realidade braços do governo e algumas das quais meramente devem seus clientes a incentivos tributários do governo e delineiam sua cobertura para que se enquadre nas determinações do governo, paguem a totalidade ou uma parcela, até de despesas médicas rotineiras.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">O resultado são custos mais altos, menor competição, menos transparência e, em geral, um sistema no qual o consumidor obtém aproximadamente tanta autonomia e respeito quanto o estetoscópio. Reforma radical restauraria o poder do paciente. Em vez disso, a questão em cima da mesa é se os mostrengos aos quais respondemos serão puramente públicos ou parcerias públicas-privadas. [61]</p>
<p>A cura começa com o fim de FDA, AMA, propriedade intelectual, subsídios estatais a comida de baixa qualidade e monopólios de pesquisa e de credencial do governo. É preciso dar poder aos indivíduos para que assumam o controle de sua saúde. Comida local, medicina alternativa, medidas de solidariedade socieconômica (cooperativas de trabalhadores, de crédito e de consumidores) construirão o sistema imunológico dos pobres e doentes, abolindo a dependência deles da elite privilegiada parasitária de uma vez por todas. Os trabalhadores do mundo precisam unir-se, não mediante ingenuamente esperarem soluções do estado que cria e exacerba a injustiça, e sim mediante mutualizarem os serviços sociais num paradigma libertário socialista.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">“O homem da rua não percebe o diabo quando o diabo está segurando-o pela garganta.” – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</p>
<p>Artigo original afixado por <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/19098" target="_blank">Sebastian A.B. 19 de maio de 2013</a>.</p>
<p>Traduzido do inglês por <a href="http://zqxjkv0.blogspot.com.br/2013/06/c4ss-palliative-machine-medical.html" target="_blank">Murilo Otávio Rodrigues Paes Leme</a>.</p>
<p>Notes:</p>
<p>1 Carney, D. 1995. Dwayne’s World. Mother Jones Magazine.</p>
<p>2 Carson, Kevin. 2010. Labor Struggle: A Free Market Model. Center For A Stateless Society.</p>
<p>3 Folbre, Nancy. 2009. The Case for Worker Co-ops. New York Times.</p>
<p>4 Mercola, Joseph. 2011. Chiropractors and Naturopaths – Are They Dangerous? Mercola.com</p>
<p>5 Valentine, Vikki. 2005. Health for the Masses: China’s ‘Barefoot Doctors.’ NPR.</p>
<p>6 Schierhorn, Carolyn. 2010. As NPs push for expanded practice rights, physicians push back. The DO.</p>
<p>7 Micklethwait, Brian. 1991. How and How Not to Demonopolize Medicine. Libertarian Alliance.</p>
<p>8 Brown, E. Richard. 1981. Rockefeller Medicine Men. University of California Press.</p>
<p>9 Moynihan, Ray and Cassels, Alan. 2005. Selling Sickness. Nation Books.</p>
<p>10 Shaw, Gina. 2003. How Many Drugs Are You Taking? WebMD.</p>
<p>11 McGinnis JM, Foege WH. 1993. Actual Causes of Death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association. vol. 270, no. 18, pp. 2207-2212.</p>
<p>12 Adams, Kelly et al. 2006. Status of nutrition education in medical schools. American Society for Clinical Nutrition.</p>
<p>13 Kirsch, Irving. 2010. The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth. Basic Books.</p>
<p>14 Walton, Ralph. Survey of aspartame studies: correlation of outcome and funding sources.<a href="http://www.dorway.com/peerrev.html">www.dorway.com/peerrev.html</a></p>
<p>15 Mercola, Joseph. Aspartame Studies. Mercola.com<a href="http://aspartame.mercola.com/sites/aspartame/studies.aspx">http://aspartame.mercola.com/sites/aspartame/studies.aspx</a></p>
<p>16 Blaylock, Russell. 1994. Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. Health Press.</p>
<p>17 Kinsella, Stephen. 2008. Against Intellectual Property. Ludwig von Mises Institute.</p>
<p>18 Long, Roderick. The Libertarian Case Against Intellectual Property Rights. Markets Not Capitalism.</p>
<p>19 Gagnon, Marc-André and Lexchin, Joel. 2008. The Cost of Pushing Pills: A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the United States. PLoS Medicine.</p>
<p>20 Public Citizen’s Congress Watch. 2002. Pharmaceuticals Rank as Most Profitable Industry, Again.</p>
<p>21 Adams, Mike. 2004. Pharmaceutical industry accused of crimes against humanity before the ICC in the Hague. NaturalNews.com</p>
<p>22 Barnes PM, et al. 2007. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults: United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.</p>
<p>23 Batalion, N. 2011 Timeline of FDA Suppression of Natural Healing Sources. Healing Talks.</p>
<p>24 Null, Gary. 2012. FDA: Cult of Tyranny. Documentary.</p>
<p>25 Taylor, Michael C. 1994. Voluntary Labeling of Milk and Milk Products From Cows That Have Not Been Treated With Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin. FDA.</p>
<p>26 Robin, Marie-Monique. 2012. The World According to Monsanto. The New Press.</p>
<p>27 Adams, Mike. 2011. Burzynski documentary reveals true agenda of FDA and cancer industry to destroy cancer cures that really work. NaturalNews.</p>
<p>28 Griffin, G. Edward. 2001. World Without Cancer. American Media.</p>
<p>29 Feuer, E. 1998. Innocent Casualties: The FDA’s War Against Humanity.</p>
<p>[Notes 30 and 31 missing in the original]</p>
<p>32 Griffin, pg. 322-327.</p>
<p>33 Mercola, Joseph. 2011. American Cancer Society More Interested in Wealth than Health. Mercola.com</p>
<p>34 Long, Roderick T. 1993. How Government Solved the Healthcare Crisis. Markets Not Capitalism.</p>
<p>35 Johnson, Charles W. 2007. Scratching By: How Government Creates Poverty As We Know It. Markets Not Capitalism.</p>
<p>36 Sinn, Mike. 2012. Welfare Statistics: Government Spends More On Corporate Welfare than Social Welfare Programs. Think By Numbers.org.</p>
<p>37 The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Americans Are Most Generous, Global Poll Finds. 2011.</p>
<p>38 Gatto, John Taylor. 1992. Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling. New Society Publishers.</p>
<p>39 Rothbard, Murray. 1999. Education: Free and Compulsory. Ludwig von Mises Institute.</p>
<p>40 Olsen et al. 2011. Healthy aspects of the Nordic diet are related to lower total mortality. J. Nutr.</p>
<p>41 Lieberman, Trudy. 2012. Healthcare expert for sale: The Guardian follows the saga of Liz Fowler, healthcare lobbyist extraordinaire. Columbia Journalism Review.</p>
<p>42 Lennard, Natasha. 2012. Obamacare architect heads to Big Pharma. Salon.com</p>
<p>43 Fram, Alan. 2010. Big Pharma Wins Big With Health Care Reform Bill. Huffington Post.</p>
<p>44 Ridgeway, James. 2010. Big Pharma a Big Winner in Health Care Reform. Mother Jones.</p>
<p>45 Princen, Thomas. 2005. The Logic of Sufficiency. MIT Press. Pg. 92-93.</p>
<p>46 Null et. al. 2005. Death By Medicine. J. Ortho. Med.</p>
<p>47 Barnes P. and Bloom B. 2007. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults and Children: United States. NIH.</p>
<p>48 Ni et al. 2002. Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by United States adults. Med. Care.</p>
<p>49 Bodeker G. and Kronenberg F. 2002 A Public Health Agenda for Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine. Am J Public Health.</p>
<p>50 Green, David. 1993. Reinventing Civil Society. Institute of Economic Affairs, Health and Welfare Unit. Pg. 30.</p>
<p>51 Evans, Tim. 1994. Socialism Without The State. Libertarian Alliance.</p>
<p>52 Beito, David. 1994. Lodge Doctors and the Poor. The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty</p>
<p>53 Carson, Kevin. 2010. The Healthcare Crisis: A Crisis of Artificial Scarcity. Center for a Stateless Society.</p>
<p>54 Beito, David. 2000. From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890-1967. University of North Carolina Press. Pg. 19.</p>
<p>55 Ibid., pg. 110.</p>
<p>56 Ibid., pg. 111.</p>
<p>57 Carson pg. 7</p>
<p>58 Ibid.</p>
<p>59 Parsons, Claudia. 2009. N.Y. Doctor Offers Flat Rate Care for Uninsured. Reuters.</p>
<p>60 Carson pg. 8-10.</p>
<p>61 Jesse Walker. 2009. Obama is No Radical. Reason Magazine.</p>
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		<title>The Palliative Machine: Medical Monopoly Under the Corporation-State</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/19098</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 23:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sebastian A. Stern]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[The American medical system is corrupt, ineffective and unnecessarily costly. These outcomes are due to state violence on behalf of the politically connected elite (namely private insurers, physicians, pharmaceutical and medical device companies). Artificial scarcity, price-gouging, misallocation of research funding and the suppression of alternative (non-patentable) therapies can be ameliorated]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: left">The American medical system is corrupt, ineffective and unnecessarily costly. These outcomes are due to state violence on behalf of the politically connected elite (namely private insurers, physicians, pharmaceutical and medical device companies). Artificial scarcity, price-gouging, misallocation of research funding and the suppression of alternative (non-patentable) therapies can be ameliorated by revoking state-conferred elite privilege and re-establishing cooperative, mutualized healthcare financing.</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8212;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8220;Was the government to prescribe to us our medicine and diet, our bodies would be in such keeping as our souls are now.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">Thomas Jefferson, <a href="http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions40.html">Notes on the State of Virginia</a>, Query 17, 157&#8211;61</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Grocery Insurance</strong></p>
<p>The essential problem with medical financing is described by the Grocery Insurance analogy— third party payment (nominally “private” insurers <em>or </em>the state) divorces price from cost, distributes responsibility, suppresses competition and puts upward pressure on prices: when your insurer only requires a small deductible for <em>each trip </em>to the supermarket, you will probably buy a lot more caviar, <em>filet mignon </em>and white truffle oil.</p>
<p>Likewise, the seller will raise prices. When someone else pays, the seller and the buyer do not have antagonistic interests; the seller wants to charge higher prices and the buyer does not care. Ultimately, costs are externalized. Insurance companies are unscrupulous in their efforts to contain costs, deny coverage and swindle customers (as a matter of necessity) – despite it all, costs are aggregated within the insurance fund and redistributed in the form of higher premiums for everyone. There is no such thing as a free lunch, and the insurance model is based on trying to eat yours.</p>
<p>The state, as disorganized as it is, has less incentive to ruthlessly minimize costs, but immense waste is written off as <em>necessary </em>humanitarian spending. The state suffers diseconomies of scale, bureaucratic inertia, lacks incentive to economize and by its nature the state is centralized and prone to corruption. Hospitals, drug companies and doctors take advantage of the inept Panopticon by price gouging, pushing drugs and executing unnecessary procedures.</p>
<p>Thus, the two-pronged system of unaccountability drives healthcare costs in one direction &#8211; up. Meanwhile, tax and premium-payers are gouged with nowhere to turn – to the point at which 17% of U.S. GDP and 23% of the Federal budget is spent on sick care. Nobody should blame sick people for the broken system; they operate within very narrow constraints, especially lack of access to healthy food, clean water, accurate medical information and they endure unsafe working conditions. Claiming that people are hedonistic free-riders is facile. Few will make healthy choices because of the specter of future medical costs; they do so to avoid contracting a disease. The problem is that there are few choices, period, and they’re all unhealthy.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Let Food be Thy Medicine, or Hippocrates Rolling In His Grave</strong></p>
<p>American culture is not conducive to optimal health. Quintessential American foods are hot dogs, hamburgers, soda and culturally appropriated &#8220;ethnic food&#8221; with enhanced salt, fat and sugar content. The state has made it hard for individuals (especially the poor) to consume healthy food.</p>
<p>Centrally mandated 5-year plans called Farm Bills subsidize certain foods (corn, soy, wheat, canola, sugar, dairy), allow for genetic modification, petrochemical biocides and fertilizers and disempower local producers. The state claims to be protecting family farmers, which hardly exist anymore. These protections actually subsidize the profits of companies like Monsanto, Syngenta, ConAgra and Archer Daniels Midland (ADM). Indeed, to manipulate prices, some farmers are paid <em>not </em>to produce food.</p>
<p>This is the economic insanity of Chomsky’s socialized-cost, privatized-profit agriculture; the Soviet Union failed for similar reasons, particularly the Hayekian knowledge problem. Blend the impossibility of calculating the appropriate parameters of a complex system with institutionalized corporate corruption and <em>viola -</em> the American agricultural system. As ADM’s own Dwayne Andreas trenchantly quipped: “There isn’t one grain of anything in the world that is sold in a free market. Not one! The only place you see a free market is in the speeches of politicians.” [1] Quite, Mr. Andreas, and you are the beneficiary.</p>
<p>The food crisis is characterized by overabundance of unhealthy foods and scarcity of healthy ones. In the inner city, “food deserts” have arisen; large radii wherein markets with fresh produce cannot be found – just liquor stores and gun shops. Radically rational solutions include large-scale urban agricultural projects like Growing Power, the Transition Movement and Cleveland’s cooperative Evergreen City Growers. The food crisis is not the focus of this inquiry, but is critical nonetheless.</p>
<p>The water quality is not so great either. Fluoride, chlorine, heavy metals, agricultural runoff and synthetic compounds including pharmaceuticals, DDT and bisphenol-A contaminate the water that the state is ostensibly responsible for safeguarding. More and more communities are removing the forced-medication of fluoride from the water, but this is easy relative to, say, preventing coal-sourced mercury residues from building up in the watershed. Water filtration is a vitally important mechanism that unfortunately selects against the poor or uninformed.</p>
<p>The long-term sustainable solution to the healthcare crisis is to get to the root of illness &#8211; diet and lifestyle. Then questions about costs and administrative technicalities would be moot. However, if society attained a high level of health, <em>some </em>people (perhaps those with predominantly genetic disorders) might still experience lackluster care. Unfortunately, within current constraints it is unlikely that enough people have the awareness and agency to fix their health if left to their own devices. Therefore, the medical system must be remade to stop hurting people (but not by force, property expropriation, or other forms of authoritarianism).</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>The Temple of The M.D.</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8220;First, Do No Harm.&#8221; – Hippocrates</p>
<p>The white coats are seen as the god-kings of science (and physicians often believe it, developing arrogant god-complexes themselves). Their achieved status typically results from ascribed status; only those born into affluent families can afford to become physicians in the first place. This perpetuates a classist-notion of intellectual superiority and paternalistic “I Know Best” healthcare decision-making.</p>
<p>The relationship of the doctor (the Latin root being <em>docere</em>, or to teach) and the patient is no longer one of compassion, respect and free contract; there is a power asymmetry where the doctor cannot be questioned (and he ridicules unorthodox ideas).They even have special uniforms, titles and prestige salaries to bolster their superiority. Doctors start to believe they know everything and they are reflexively dismissive of treatments they were not taught about in school.</p>
<p>It was not so long ago that Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis was driven out of practice (and mad) by daring to suggest that physicians wash their hands between doing autopsies and delivering babies. He was later known as the “Hungarian Savior of Women,” because new mothers’ infection rates dropped precipitously after his crackpot theory was put into practice.</p>
<p>All that being said, doctors can also be lifesavers, saints, geniuses and visionaries. But the present medical system does not attract these types, nor is it conducive to bringing out these qualities in practitioners. The problem does not lie with the individual, but with the institution. Most police officers are not repressive thugs themselves, but the institution of policing serves to quell dissent, wage war on poor people and protect the stolen property of the elite. As Omali Yeshitela said, a militarized police force “only becomes necessary at that juncture of society where there are those that have and those that have not.”</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>A Destructive Trade Union: The American Medical Association</strong></p>
<p>Conservatives have long held private labor unions in contempt. They claim that consumers are hurt by higher prices, unions use terrorist tactics, and Rand’s “persecuted minority” of big businessmen and corporate shareholders are slighted by the haughty demands of uppity workers.</p>
<p>Leaving aside the fact that labor unions established the eight-hour day, weekends and eliminated child labor, labor unions are vital to economic models of liberal capitalism; organized labor is the engine behind rising wages. The claims that labor unions are unjust are hard to take seriously, given the importance of the Labor Movement in the early 20th century in securing basic conditions of decency in the workplace. [2] In any case, worker’s cooperatives render both unions and bosses obsolete and are indeed more efficient than capitalist enterprises founded on the slave-master relationship. [3]</p>
<p>But there is at least one pseudo-union that is unquestionably destructive: The American Medical Association. The AMA uses its considerable political leverage to limit the number of doctors that can be trained annually, making doctors artificially scarce and fetching higher salaries on the market. First declared in 1924 by Morris Fishbein, the AMA continues to wage a covert war against competing modalities like chiropractic, naturopathy and midwifery. The same crusade is fought by the American Dental Association, American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute and American Academy of Pediatrics. [4]</p>
<p>One must pay for an MD, D.O., N.D. degree and a government license to practice even basic medicine. Medical schools and physicians are artificially scarce and state-mandated pharmacies only recognize <em>their </em>legitimacy to write prescriptions. Patients must pay for the amortized cost of medical school to get a simple prescription for antibiotics. In China, physicians called barefoot doctors receive a moderate amount of medical training and travel the country treating common medical conditions like infection and fractures. [5] In tandem with the aging baby boomers requiring more medical care, there is a desperate shortage of medical providers. Like the guild they are, the AMA is lobbying to prevent nurse practitioners and physician’s assistants from practicing without the paternalistic oversight of a white coat. [6]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">Only doctors may take serious medical risks and make serious medical mistakes. Just how major are the blunders that doctors may make is a vexed question, and it is hard to see how it could ever be completely otherwise. At what point does reasonable risk become negligence? When does the necessarily chancy business of fending off the angel of death become a license to commit horrendous cock-ups?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">At present, the British rule is that ‘doctors’ who have been certified by the government (that is, by the government sponsored medical oligarchy &#8211; this point can’t be made too often for it is the essence of the matter) may take much more severe medical risks than may those who are only ‘doctors’ in the opinion of their patients.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">If a (government certified) doctor carries out a medical operation of some sort and it goes wrong (as operations inevitably will from time to time), well, these things happen. You can’t be a doctor and not commit the medical equivalent of mistiming the occasional cover drive, fumbling your lines or committing the occasional typographical error. On the other hand, if you aren’t a ‘doctor’ and you take medical risks, then <em>even if all goes well</em>, you are in legal trouble. [7]</p>
<p>In effect, a licensure monopoly protects negligence that has been deemed reasonable by the state and bars certain types of people from practicing medicine despite demand from patients.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>The <em>Coup D’état </em>– Flexner Report</strong></p>
<p>Pharmaceutical drugs have not always been the primary treatment option in the West. Prior to 1910, the dominant forms of medicine were nutritional, herbal, osteopathic, and surgical. Pill popping and “A Pill For Every Ill” are relatively novel phenomena.</p>
<p>The shift toward petro-chemical derived pharmaceutical treatment began in 1910, with John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie’s educational <em>coup d’état</em>, the Flexner Report. The report was a piece of research reformatted into a formal proposal, accompanied by massive donations to certain colleges (bribes), which established the code of the medical institutions we have today. The primary stipulation was that these schools would emphasize pharmaceutical drugs over traditional methods of treatment.</p>
<p>The report also recommended the merger of medical schools with universities, which drove up the cost of medical education, limiting access to all but upper class white males. Also, the pact mandated that new medical schools could not be established without state approval. The robber barons restructured the medical education system because they wanted to remodel their public image, but also to fabricate a profit-generating industry in the decades to come. [8] Rockefeller was also a eugenicist, hoping to craft an Übermensch using the new field of genetics, which he largely financed at Columbia and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.</p>
<p>It is doubtful that even the robber barons could fathom how out-of-hand the drug situation has become. The same lack of foresight probably applies to Rockefeller’s Standard Oil monopoly—in his gasoline evangelism, John D. probably didn’t expect geopolitics to revolve around petroleum as it does today. Unknown but influential policy changes can have lasting, chaotic effects. This is especially true when simple legislation that, by the stroke of a pen, has the power to unleash the potent propaganda known as direct-to-consumer advertising.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">Thirty years ago Merck&#8217;s aggressive chief executive Henry Gadsden told Fortune magazine of his distress that the company&#8217;s potential markets had been limited to sick people. Suggesting he&#8217;d rather Merck to be ‘more like chewing gum maker Wrigley’s,’ Gadsden lamented it had long been his dream to make drugs for healthy people. Because then, Merck would be able to ‘sell to everyone.’ Three decades on, the late Henry Gadsden&#8217;s dream has come true. [9]</p>
<p>Direct-to-consumer advertising began in 1981, and really took off in 1995. Big pharma convinces you that you’re sick, that you’ve “got bad genes,” and only petrochemical-based pharmaceutical drugs will make you whole. To support this myth, companies like Pfizer, Ely Lilly, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and Sandoz are often caught colluding with academia to misrepresent drug efficacy to doctors. The disease industry has also been lobbying politicians to ensure that profits are maximized on every front, regardless of the human consequences.</p>
<p>These days, big pharma pushes drugs for chronic depression and ADD. These are Band-Aid treatments—the first purportedly lifting mood and deadening emotion in order to numb patients to the ills of their environment, and the second dosing children with addictive amphetamines so they become over-stimulated robots that eventually develop psychoses and adrenal exhaustion. All this in an attempt to “normalize” behavior. Emotional response is elicited by environmental stimuli. In other words, there is a reason why children don’t sit still in the Prussian military-modeled public school system, and justification for feeling chronically depressed in the modern world.</p>
<p>Pharmaceutical drug interactions cannot be predicted with any confidence. &#8220;The average person over 65 now uses seven different medications per day, four prescribed and three over-the- counter,&#8221; said Andrew Duxbury, MD, associate professor of geriatrics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and director of the senior care clinic at UAB&#8217;s Kirklin Clinic. &#8220;There&#8217;s never been a controlled study on a human being involving more than three drugs circulating in the body at the same time. So no one knows, scientifically, exactly what&#8217;s going on in your body when you take seven, 10, or a dozen at a time.” [10]</p>
<p>Doctors know a lot about pharmacology, but not much about nutrition or preventative medicine. Dietary and lifestyle factors are the leading cause of premature death. [11] Doctors receive an abysmal amount of dietetic education. A 2006 study of all the medical schools in the United States found that less than 41% of the 106 respondents provided the minimum 25 hours or more recommended by the National Academy of Sciences in 1985. [12] This recommendation was made while advertisements for “healthy” margarine were on air – with trans fats now known to increase cancer and heart disease incidence.</p>
<p>Needless to say, perhaps in 1985 we underestimated the importance of nutrition and in light of modern evidence, the recommendation should be more than a paltry 25-hour minimum. Twenty-five hours of schooling equals two hours a day, five days a week for two and a half weeks total. That’s nothing, given how important diet and lifestyle factors are in pathogenesis. In the same study, 88% of instructors expressed the need for additional nutritional education.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Bad Science</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center">“It is simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgment of trusted physicians or authoritative medical guidelines. I take no pleasure in this conclusion, which I reached slowly and reluctantly over my two decades as an editor of The New England Journal of Medicine.” &#8211; Marcia Angell, M.D.</p>
<p>How do drugs that prove dangerous get such a stalwart reputation in the medical community to begin with? Misrepresentation of data by Big Pharma, the FDA, and international regulatory agencies was a major factor. The FDA was once funded entirely by the federal government (a time when corporate co-optation was actually frowned upon).</p>
<p>In 1992, George H.W. Bush changed the rules, and the FDA now derives over 40% of revenue from fees charged to pharmaceutical companies. Britain’s version of the FDA derives 70% of revenues from drug companies, thanks to Margaret Thatcher’s earlier reforms in the 80s. The FDA having a monopoly on regulation is bad enough, and the aforementioned mercantilist conservatives simply required bold-faced bribery. The solution is to de-monopolize regulation and enable entities like the Environmental Working Group or Underwriters Laboratories to certify safety and quality.</p>
<p>Today, there is a revolving door of public policy, lobbying, academia and corporate influence. There are myriad methods employed to misrepresent the research. Not all of it is published—only about 40% of research finds its way to a journal. Of those that do, there is a “publication bias,” where studies that find positive results (that the drugs work) are more often published than those that show the drugs don’t work or are toxic.</p>
<p>Another technique is “Salami slicing”—Big Pharma will cite the same data multiple times in numerous studies. There is no profit motive for independently funded research that seeks to take dangerous drugs off the market. Further, independent research is not published in the major journals like The Lancet or NEJM. Finally, standard cooking of the books, or fun with numbers: anyone along the chain of command can, with a keystroke, corrupt the data. Industry-supported research must be taken with colossal, hypertension-inducing grains of salt. [13]</p>
<p>For example, a meta-analysis of 166 studies on Monsanto’s artificial sweetener aspartame correlated funding source with findings. Seventy-four were funded by industry and 92 were independently funded. One hundred percent of industry-funded studies found the food additive safe, whereas 92% of the independently funded research identified a problem. [14]</p>
<p>Such hazards include neurological excitotoxicity, seizures, mood disorders, headaches, increased appetite and cancer. [15] [16] Of the six “independently” funded studies that found <em>no </em>dangers, five of them were conducted by the FDA. Again, that leaves <em>one </em>out of 92 independently funded study finding the substance safe. To this day, aspartame is the most complained-about substance to the FDA, which insists the sweetener is safe.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Intellectual “Property” – The Patent Monopoly</strong></p>
<p>Property rights are limited to that which is finite, or of limited reproducibility. Ideas are not physically scarce. Likewise, oxygen is not scarce so it is impractical to consider it property. Land is scarce—<em>they ain’t making any more of it</em>. There is a good reason to utilize property rights to organize non-violently. But what happens when supposed property does not physically exist? This is the case with intellectual property. It is an illegitimate, artificial form of property that only exists because of state violence. The byproducts of patent “rights” are monopoly rents to the owner and artificial scarcity for everyone else. This topic is treated in detail elsewhere. [17] [18]</p>
<p>Some believe patents are a necessary evil to entice people to develop new ideas and technologies. First, it’s unclear whether most intellectuals are primarily motivated by windfall profits. Profit is never the inspiration for great minds. As Jonas Salk, the developer of the Polio vaccine, stated, “There is no patent. Could you patent the sun?” He had a higher intention for his discovery; he did not want anyone to suffer needlessly so that scientific pockets may be padded with cash.</p>
<p>But even assuming some socially valuable research would not occur without the potential for windfall profit, there is a naturally occurring market mechanism that rewards originality: price gouging. There is a period of time between which the invention is brought to market and when competitors are able to reverse-engineer and manufacture their own version. This window allows the originator to charge a high price (if they value their marginal personal gain over availability for poor people). Most importantly, though, eliminating patents would allow for <em>more </em>creativity. As it stands, developers can’t build upon the ideas of others without paying royalties. This slows technological progress.</p>
<p>In the case of pharmaceutical drugs this dynamic is particularly pernicious. A recent study found pharma spent 24.4% of their sales dollar on promotion, versus 13.4% for research and development, as a percentage of US domestic sales of $235.4 billion. [19] The artificially high prices protected by patents deprive the poor of necessary goods, as is the case with malaria and AIDs medication throughout the developing world. Generic drugs, sold at cost of production, could ameliorate this tragedy. Today, people are dying to boost profits. By all measures, the pharmaceutical industry is the most profitable of all. [20]</p>
<p>&#8220;The combined profits for the ten drug companies in the Fortune 500 ($35.9 billion) were more than the profits for all the other 490 businesses put together ($33.7 billion) [in 2002]. Over the past two decades the pharmaceutical industry has moved very far from its original high purpose of discovering and producing useful new drugs. Now primarily a marketing machine to sell drugs of dubious benefit, this industry uses its wealth and power to co-opt every institution that might stand in its way, including the US Congress, the FDA, academic medical centers, and the medical profession itself.&#8221; &#8211; Marcia Angell, M.D.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" alt="Profits" src="http://s1.postimg.org/xk6xwi567/Profits.png" width="500" height="403" /><br />
For more from former editor-in-chief of the NEJM, Marcia Angell, see <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2004/jul/15/the-truth-about-the-drug-companies/" target="_blank">The Truth About the Drug Companies</a>,  <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/jun/08/your-dangerous-drugstore/" target="_blank">Your Dangerous Drugstore</a>, and <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2009/jan/15/drug-companies-doctorsa-story-of-corruption/" target="_blank">Drug Companies and Doctors</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>The Drug Merchants</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8220;Medicine makes you die slowly.&#8221; &#8211; Plutarch</p>
<p>Researching the pharmaceutical industry crushes one’s faith in humanity. It is like reading about King Leopold’s Congo, or medical research within Nazi concentration camps. The sheer force of elite sociopathy is staggering. The laundry list of crime is too long to be retold here, but suffice to say, the entire industry has been accused of crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court in the Hague. [21]</p>
<p>Xenobiotic drugs are chemical compounds not found in nature, and for which humans lack efficient detoxification pathways. <em>They are also the only treatment that pharmaceutical companies can patent</em>. Herbal or dietary treatments have not been embraced by the illness industry as they cannot be patented. This is precisely why the dietary methods of Hippocrates, Pythagoras, Galen, Avicenna and today’s burgeoning legion of doctors of natural medicine are attacked and disparaged by the vampiric hegemony. Regardless, the public is waking up, and many doctors defect to alternative medicine and demand within that sector is growing rapidly. [22]</p>
<p>The Food and Drug Agency is the Gestapo arm of the medical-industrial complex, furthering the machine’s blitzkrieg on true health and longevity. For decades, the FDA routinely carried out raids on food co-ops, medical doctors using alternative therapies, farms, even <em>churches </em>in an effort to suppress authentic therapies. They send in vans full of SWAT teams with M16 rifles, handcuffs and bulletproof vests. Documents, computers, money, herbs and devices are confiscated, and excessive damage is done to the facilities. The FDA justifies the raids based on charges that are later dropped, and they routinely levy exorbitant fines against their target after the fact. [23]</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8220;The thing that bugs me is that the people think the FDA is protecting them. It isn&#8217;t. What the FDA is doing and what the public thinks its doing are as different as day and night.&#8221;</p>
<p style="text-align: center">- Dr. Herbert Ley, former commissioner of the FDA (1968-9)</p>
<p>The FDA restricts timely and affordable access to necessary drugs, lies about safety and efficacy to protect profits, suppresses alternative therapies and discredits physicians who successfully utilize them. [24]</p>
<p>In 2010, President Barack Obama appointed former Monsanto lawyer Michael Taylor as Deputy Commissioner of Food at the FDA. Throughout his career, Taylor vacillated between representing Monsanto and working for the FDA — a revolving door <em>par excellance. </em>In 1994, Taylor mandated that FDA <em>not </em>require the labeling of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH), [25] which is toxic to humans and cows. [26] It is banned in more civilized countries like Canada, Australia and Japan (and the entire European Union).</p>
<p>Until July 1988, U.S. customs officials confiscated any dextran sulfate that AIDS sufferers brought back from Japan. The drug showed some efficacy in inhibiting the HIV virus’ ability to attack white blood cells. Shouldn’t sick people be free to inform and treat themselves? The same logic applies to the failed, draconian War on Drugs; a sovereign individual is fully within their right to administer any substance to themselves, no matter the personal consequences. Only when they aggress against another has a person transgressed.</p>
<p>There are many unorthodox therapies for cancer, like Dr. Stanislaw Burzynski’s antineoplastons, [27] the Gerson protocol, Essiac tea, ellagic acid, laetrile, high-dose ascorbic acid, electromagnetic therapy, and dozens of dietary therapies. [28] These are all highly controversial, mostly not because they’re risky, but because if any one of them worked, it threatens patent-monopolized pharmaceutical company profits. In any case, the efficacy and toxicology of these therapies is irrelevant; individuals must be free to choose their medicine. As it stands, the FDA sues, fines, imprisons, and revokes the license of any physician that uses forbidden methods.</p>
<p>Optimistically, the tides are changing, and the Health Freedom Movement is picking up steam, demanding reform and elimination of the FDA in favor of market agencies like the Environmental Working Group. We have, as a reoccurring theme in America’s authoritarian federal structure, the case of a centralized, co-opted, protectionist agency deluding and sickening the populace in favor of short-term profit. [29]</p>
<p>Not only do they price-gouge consumers on toxic snake oil, the sickness machine systematically suppresses research into effective therapy, and even revokes the licenses of physicians using non-toxic and/or nutrition-based treatment protocols. The day is soon approaching that the populace will surpass an awareness-threshold and demand retribution from the unholy trinity that is the FDA-Academic-Pharmaceutical alliance.</p>
<p>For the combined million that will die this year from <em>preventable </em>heart disease and cancer, and the 100,000 per year that die from adverse drug reactions, the resolution could not come swiftly enough. [30]</p>
<p>A recent book, Ben Goldacre&#8217;s <a href="http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/bad_pharma_interview_with_ben_goldacre/" target="_blank">Bad Pharma</a>, details some industry transgressions.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Case Study: Dr. John Richardson and laetrile (amygdalin)</strong></p>
<p>Dr. John Richardson had a clinic in Albany, California. In 1972, he was raided by the FDA for prescribing an unapproved cancer drug called laetrile.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">Armed officials burst into his office and, in the presence of patients (as well as news photographers whom the FDA had tipped off to cover the arrest), they handcuffed him and his two nurses and hauled them off to jail like dangerous criminals. The office was ransacked and Dr. Richardson&#8217;s personal files and correspondence were seized. Patients in need of medical treatment were sent home. One child with advanced cancer of the leg died shortly afterward. It is possible that the death could have been prevented had it not been for the interruption of treatment and the child&#8217;s psychological trauma resulting from the raid. [31]</p>
<p>Whether the drug is effective or not, some patients demand it. Why should the state treat a doctor like a criminal for providing a service that people demand? Does the state really have the people’s best interests at heart? Dr. Richardson is not a special case; it is the FDA’s standard operating procedure.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">There are many other courageous men who have walked the highest wire. Dr. Ernst Krebs, the co-discoverer of laetrile, was sent to prison for providing Pangamic Acid (vitamin B15) as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of cancer. Dr. James Privitera, M.D., from Covina, California, served time in prison for an alleged &#8220;conspiracy to sell laetrile.&#8221; Dr. Bruce Halstead, M.D., from Loma Linda, California, another laetrile advocate, lost his medical license for using the &#8220;unproven&#8221; herbal called ADS (Aqua Del Sol) as an enhancement to the immune system. Dr. Douglas Brodie from Reno, Nevada, another Laetrile specialist, served time in prison, allegedly for &#8220;income-tax evasion.&#8221;</p>
<p>Dr. Richardson himself summed up the Orwellian state’s artificial pandemic in this way:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The average person, secure in his home and livelihood, never having felt the crushing attack of literally hundreds of tax-supported lawyers, unthreatened by a prison sentence for merely doing what he knows is right, such a person simply cannot understand the logic of a wounded bear.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">When Nazi war criminals were accused of genocide, they defended themselves on the basis that they were just following orders and obeying the laws of the Nazi state. The civilized world cried out: “Guilty!&#8221; Man is expected to respond to a higher law than that of any state. When the laws of one&#8217;s government require a man to condemn innocent people to death, he must reject those laws and stand with his conscience. If he does not, then he is no different from the Nazis who were hanged for war crimes. [&#8230;]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">How much suffering and death are the American people willing to take before they stand up to the bureaucracy? How many physicians must be put into prison before all physicians cry &#8220;enough!&#8221; to the increasing government control over their profession? How many Watergates do we need before we realize that mortal men are corrupted by power, and that the solutions to one&#8217;s problems lie not in increasing the power of government but in decreasing it?</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The spirit of resistance is in the air. It is a refreshing breeze, but it gives me great hope. I have resolved to stand alone if need to. But, as I write these final words, I can&#8217;t help but wonder, is there any one else out there? [32]</p>
<p>Two time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling stated: “Everyone should know that most cancer research is largely a fraud and that the major cancer research organizations are derelict in their duties to the people who support them.” Entities like the Rockefeller, Ford and Carnegie foundations presently fund cancer research, the same foundations that once supported the eugenics movement (and today do business with companies like Monsanto). [33]</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Statist Confusion About <em>Rights</em></strong></p>
<p>People must be free to choose their medicine, and have access (but not a state-enforced <em>right</em>) to medical care. Voluntary association and non-violent trade between free people is the most effective and moral means to provide affordable healthcare in the absence of state coercion.</p>
<p>It is problematic when state action is proffered as “rights protecting,” because the state initially restricted the type of medical care people get and impoverished workers at the outset. [34] [35] The state protects the rights of its subjects in the same way that the farmer protects the lives of his flock: spuriously, and only until the slaughter.</p>
<p>Well-meaning statists declare certain services <em>rights</em>. Everyone acknowledges certain rights, particularly negative rights, like not to be killed or enslaved. There should be no <em>right </em>to scarce goods or services <em>when that right is rooted in taxation </em>(theft). If a free society wishes to recognize such a right, it can only morally be accomplished voluntarily, borne out of human decency and goodwill rather than monopoly and mandate.</p>
<p>Systematic theft is only justified under the yoke of capitalism; where the ownership class has employed coercion (or capitalized on pre-existing state violence) to amass their fortunes, making it moral to steal a bit of that back and redistribute it (whether this is truly what happens in most welfare states is unclear; the taxation system may actually be regressive and dole out more corporate welfare than actual care for the poor). [36]</p>
<p>&#8220;My idea was to bribe the working classes, or shall I say, to win them over, to regard the state as a social institution existing for their sake and interested in their welfare,” said Otto von Bismarck. Certainly the welfare-warfare state is preferable to the pre-Bismarck, historical blood- and-iron school of statecraft; however, it is a placation, the <em>opium das volkes. </em>Social welfare is an functionalist tool to keep the music playing and the slave ship of capitalism sailing along. Everyone in the boat wants to stay afloat, but <em>why </em>they&#8217;re on the boat in the first place is less investigated, debated or understood.</p>
<p>Fortunately, however, behavioral economics suggests humans are altruistic and share their excess voluntarily. There are evolutionary explanations for such behavior. If a doctor won’t provide care to the poor, <em>everyone else </em>in the society might harbor feelings of altruism or a sense of justice and pool small amounts of their excess to go to charity. They might also band together for mutual aid, under cooperative insurance agreements.</p>
<p>The argument that the state is necessary to enforce beneficence is circular. If nobody cared about charity, they would not use it as a justification for state-control. People value charity and justice <em>prior </em>to the state, which expropriates their property and gives only a sliver of it to the needy.</p>
<p>Furthermore, personal responsibility for a broken society is relinquished onto the state (“Don’t blame me, I pay my taxes!”). That would-be tax money might also have made it to charity (often more efficient than state welfare programs due to overhead). Americans already donate more than residents of 152 other countries – imagine how much more would be available if a third of their earnings were not robbed of them. [37] Meanwhile, the U.S. state spends only 1.5% of the Federal budget on foreign &#8220;aid&#8221; (including weapons and infrastructure projects that ultimately benefit U.S. corporations). The radical appraisal is that state-capitalism creates or exacerbates the conditions that <em>necessitate </em>charity in the first place.</p>
<p>Like most social problems, the healthcare crisis is exacerbated by two factors: ignorance and poverty.</p>
<p>The “unwashed masses” are misled by Edward Bernays&#8217; and Joseph Goebbels’ media to consume hedonistically (food and drugs) to the point of sickness and then seek a silver bullet (another thing they can <em>buy</em>) to heal them. Abstinence, discipline, and moderation (as solemnly puritanical as those words are) do not come into the picture. Asceticism is bad for profits! Health exists in a state of balance (homeostasis). Upsetting that balance leads to illness. Today, the purported cure for poisoning is a slightly different type of poison (drugs).</p>
<p>Widespread ignorance is not a coincidence. In the early 20th century, the working class had high levels of literacy, attended lectures and published their own journals. The educational system today is riddled with state violence, leading to jingoistic propaganda and forced-filtration rather than authentic enlightenment because most people are too poor to furnish their own schools.</p>
<p>So, in order to get state funding (their own money to begin with – tax plunder), communities relinquish their right to educate their children as they see fit. Hence students make a pledge of allegiance to the flag, under God, and celebrate Columbus Day. The school system is designed to manufacture obedient, efficient workers – not free thinkers. [38] [39] This manufactured ignorance contributes to poor health, especially by engendering a conditioned deference to authority figures like physicians and FDA officials.</p>
<p>Poverty is found at the core of the more pernicious social problems. Most crimes are committed for want of money. People cannot live full and liberating lives because they must <em>work </em>to suspend a deepening of their destitution (often futile).</p>
<p>Poverty is also the reason people can&#8217;t afford proper medical care on an out-of-pocket basis; we are forced band together and collectivize in order to survive (either in the genuine solidarity of mutual aid societies or in the vice-grip of dehumanizing state health-management). If workers were paid the full value of their labor, perhaps such survival mechanisms would be unnecessary.</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>State Monopoly Medicine</strong></p>
<p>A single-payer system will not solve the underlying problems of toxic food, drugs and lifestyle. State-socialism appears to work well in places like Scandinavia, but their health is better than ours to begin with (and more civilized in general). [40] Even people living under states with “socialized” healthcare may be better off using the libertarian-socialist mutual-aid model.</p>
<p>These nations also lack the culture of capitalist cronyism that America has in spades. The same America where the Obamacare bill was drafted by Liz Fowler, a lobbyist for the medical industry. [41] Fowler worked at Well Point Insurance prior to drafting the bill, then a congressional lawyer, and has since passed through the revolving door into the welcoming arms of pharmaceutical giant Johnson &amp; Johnson. [42]</p>
<p>No, Obama is no radical socialist messiah; this is a kickback to industry, typical of “Progressive” state-corporatism. <em>If only </em>he were a socialist, in the sense Benjamin Tucker used the term.</p>
<p>Washington health policy analyst Ramsey Baghdadi predicts a $30B ten-year net gain for the pharmaceutical industry. &#8220;Pharma came out of this better than anyone else – I don&#8217;t see how they could have done much better,” he said. Industry won hefty concessions with Obamacare, as evidenced by bullish price action in healthcare and insurance equities the day the Supreme Court upheld the bill.</p>
<p>Industry concessions include: brand-name patents to be enforced for 12 years with gradually rising federal drug subsidies. Lobbyists prevented the importation of foreign-manufactured medicine, restricted marketing of generics by competitors and barred Medicare from being able to negotiate drug prices. Pharmaceutical interests spent an estimated $188M lobbying in 2009, with an army of 1,105 lobbyists, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. In what may come as a shock to lesser-of-two evils dupes, the Democrats long ago gave up any pretense of opposing corporate power and accepted 56% of total bribes – more than the Republicans. [43] [44]</p>
<p>The methods of for-profit health management organizations are also problematic. For example, take the infamous 1971 tape-recorded conversation between the always-abominable Richard Nixon and aid John D. Ehrlichman (of Watergate notoriety) that led to the HMO Act of 1973:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">Ehrlichman: “Edgar Kaiser is running his Permanente deal for profit. And the reason that he can &#8230; the reason he can do it &#8230; I had Edgar Kaiser come in &#8230; talk to me about this and I went into it in some depth. All the incentives are toward less medical care, because the less care they give them, the more money they make.”</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">President Nixon: “Fine.”</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">Ehrlichman: “&#8230; and the incentives run the right way.”</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">President Nixon: “Not bad.”</p>
<p>As described by Thomas Princen in The Logic of Sufficiency:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">In the 1990s, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) took over much of the health care in the United States. [&#8230;] Joseph R. Wilder, an emeritus professor of survey at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, was a doctor for some fifty years, twenty as surgical chief of staff. With efficient, high-quantity surgery, he&#8217;s found errors can happen: &#8216;it is common practice in many institutions for a surgeon to start an operation and then leave at some point, letting an assistant finish it.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The doctor may rush off to a second operating room, where another assistant has prepared another patient for surgery. All the busy surgeon sees is an operative site &#8212; a section of abdomen, for example, where a hernia is to be repaired. [&#8230;] Suppose the assistant, misreading a chart or working from an inaccurate record, had draped the wrong side of the abdomen,&#8217; says Wilder. &#8216;All the surgeon&#8217;s skill will be for nothing if he does not make a check of his own before he begins to cut.&#8217;</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">An unlikely scenario? Not at all, according to an authoritative study by the Institute of Medicine, between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die each year from medical errors. It used to be that surgeons would start, carry out, and complete each operation, even place the dressing and see that the patient was moved properly from the operating table. Under HMOs, that would be terribly inefficient. [&#8230;] Hospitals run like factories make doctors and nurses like Frederick Winslow Taylor&#8217;s line workers. [45]</p>
<p>How can medicine, a discipline rooted in compassion and not material gain, be wrested from the insurance industry <em>and </em>the state?</p>
<p style="text-align: left"><strong>Non-Violent Solutions</strong></p>
<p>The core of the solution is to increase health awareness, as more people jump ship from the biomedical “cut-and-poison” Titanic. [46] Consumers are educating themselves about healthy food, supplements and lifestyles, and using “alternative” therapies. The NIH found four in 10 adults reported using Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in the last 12 months, 17.7% of such treatments being herbal medicine. [47]</p>
<p>Those with higher education levels are most likely to employ CAM, [48] which may partially reflect the fact that public health coverage used by poor individuals tends not to cover CAM. [49] There is hope for health awareness, but also in financing and provision itself.</p>
<p>Mutual aid organizations, in the tradition of anarchist Pyotr Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid: A Factor in Evolution, flourished prior to the establishment of the welfare state.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The friendly societies were self-governing mutual benefit associations founded by manual workers to provide against hard times. They strongly distinguished their guiding philosophy from the philanthropy that lay at the heart of charitable work. The mutual benefit association was not run by one set of people with the intention of helping another separate group, it was an association of individuals pledged to help each other when the occasion arose. [50]</p>
<p>By 1892, approximately 6.8 of 7 million British industrial workers were estimated to be members of mutual insurance programs. [51] The system was co-opted by the British Medical Association with the passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 and then finally outgunned by the National Health Service in 1948.</p>
<p>Lodge practice was a system commonly used in the United States, where a fraternal society would subscribe to the service of several physicians for a low flat rate. [52] In his incisive analysis The Healthcare Crisis: A Crisis of Artificial Scarcity, [53] Kevin Carson described an early free market anti-capitalist healthcare system:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The United States lagged behind both the British and Australians in lodge practice. In the latter countries more than half of wage earners before World War I may have had access to physicians’ services through lodge practice. [54] It was, nevertheless, quite prevalent in America. The New York City health commissioner, in 1915, observed that in many communities lodge practice was ‘the chosen or established method of dealing with sickness among the relatively poor.’ [55] [&#8230;]</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The cost of coverage through lodge practice averaged around $2 a year—roughly a day’s wage— and some lodges offered coverage for family members at the same rate. And this was the typical charge for a single house call by a fee-for-service physician at the time. What’s more, the competition from lodge practice probably resulted in lower fees for the services of physicians in private practice. [56] This was, perhaps, one reason for the medical profession’s strong resentment.</p>
<p>The medical industry responded by launching a war on lodge practice and limiting the supply of physicians. “Between 1910 and 1930, the number of physicians per 100,000 people shrank from 164 to 125, largely because of increasingly stringent state licensing requirements, and because of a reduction in the number of medical schools (by more than half between 1904 and 1922).” [57] This was due largely to the Flexner Report <em>coup</em>.</p>
<p>Furthermore, “the federal government encouraged the crowding out of lodge-based insurance by employer-provided insurance, making the provision of group insurance to employees tax deductible without giving similar tax treatment to lodge-based group insurance premiums.” [58]</p>
<p>Medical insurance has since been tied with employment. Employer-based insurance hegemony binds workers to their job—also called “lowering turnover,” where workers are afraid to speak up for fear of being out on the street without medical coverage. Modern attempts have been made to establish compassionate and affordable healthcare plans but have been thwarted by state barriers to entry. Carson details the examples of John Muney, [59] the Ithaca Health Alliance, PhilaHelthia and Seattle’s Qliance clinic. These non-HMO providers claim a 25% savings on paperwork alone. [60]</p>
<p>Jesse Walker describes the situation soberly:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">[State-healthcare] would still accept the institutional premises of the present medical system. Consider the typical American health care transaction. On one side of the exchange you&#8217;ll have one of an artificially limited number of providers, many of them concentrated in those enormous, faceless institutions called hospitals.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">On the other side, making the purchase is not a patient but one of those enormous, faceless institutions called insurers. The insurers, some of which are actual arms of the government and some of which merely owe their customers to the government&#8217;s tax incentives and shape their coverage to fit the government&#8217;s mandates, are expected to pay all or a share of even routine medical expenses.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px">The result is higher costs, less competition, less transparency, and, in general, a system where the consumer gets about as much autonomy and respect as the stethoscope. Radical reform would restore power to the patient. Instead, the issue on the table is whether the behemoths we answer to will be purely public or public-private partnerships. [61]</p>
<p>Healing begins with an end to the FDA, AMA, intellectual property, state junk-food subsidies and the government research and credential monopolies. Individuals must be empowered to take control of their health. Local food, alternative medicine, socio-economic solidarity measures (worker, credit and consumer cooperatives) will build the immune system of the poor and sick, abolishing their dependence upon the privileged, parasitic elite once and for all. Workers of the world must unite, not by naively expecting solutions from the state that creates and exacerbates injustice, but by mutualizing social services in a libertarian socialist paradigm.</p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8220;The man in the street does not notice the devil even when the devil is holding him by the throat.&#8221; &#8211; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</p>
<p style="text-align: center"><img alt="book" src="http://s15.postimg.org/n8phd3syf/book.png" width="150" height="147" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center">&#8212;</p>
<p>Translations for this article:</p>
<ul>
<li>Portuguese, <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/19651" target="_blank">A Máquina Paliativa: Monopólio Médico Sob Corporação-Estado</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: left">Notes:</p>
<p style="text-align: left">1 Carney, D. 1995. Dwayne’s World. Mother Jones Magazine.</p>
<p>2 Carson, Kevin. 2010. Labor Struggle: A Free Market Model. Center For A Stateless Society.</p>
<p>3 Folbre, Nancy. 2009. The Case for Worker Co-ops. New York Times.</p>
<p>4 Mercola, Joseph. 2011. Chiropractors and Naturopaths &#8211; Are They Dangerous? Mercola.com</p>
<p>5 Valentine, Vikki. 2005. Health for the Masses: China&#8217;s &#8216;Barefoot Doctors.’ NPR.</p>
<p>6 Schierhorn, Carolyn. 2010. As NPs push for expanded practice rights, physicians push back. The DO.</p>
<p>7 Micklethwait, Brian. 1991. How and How Not to Demonopolize Medicine. Libertarian Alliance.</p>
<p>8 Brown, E. Richard. 1981. Rockefeller Medicine Men. University of California Press.</p>
<p>9 Moynihan, Ray and Cassels, Alan. 2005. Selling Sickness. Nation Books.</p>
<p>10 Shaw, Gina. 2003. How Many Drugs Are You Taking? WebMD.</p>
<p>11 McGinnis JM, Foege WH. 1993. Actual Causes of Death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association. vol. 270, no. 18, pp. 2207-2212.</p>
<p>12 Adams, Kelly et al. 2006. Status of nutrition education in medical schools. American Society for Clinical Nutrition.</p>
<p>13 Kirsch, Irving. 2010. The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth. Basic Books.</p>
<p>14 Walton, Ralph. Survey of aspartame studies: correlation of outcome and funding sources. &lt;www.dorway.com/peerrev.html&gt;</p>
<p>15 Mercola, Joseph. Aspartame Studies. Mercola.com &lt;http://aspartame.mercola.com/sites/aspartame/studies.aspx&gt;</p>
<p>16 Blaylock, Russell. 1994. Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. Health Press.</p>
<p>17 Kinsella, Stephen. 2008. Against Intellectual Property. Ludwig von Mises Institute.</p>
<p>18 Long, Roderick. The Libertarian Case Against Intellectual Property Rights. Markets Not Capitalism.</p>
<p>19 Gagnon, Marc-André and Lexchin, Joel. 2008. The Cost of Pushing Pills: A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the United States. PLoS Medicine.</p>
<p>20 Public Citizen’s Congress Watch. 2002. Pharmaceuticals Rank as Most Profitable Industry, Again.</p>
<p>21 Adams, Mike. 2004. Pharmaceutical industry accused of crimes against humanity before the ICC in the Hague. NaturalNews.com</p>
<p>22 Barnes PM, et al. 2007. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults: United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.</p>
<p>23 Batalion, N. 2011 Timeline of FDA Suppression of Natural Healing Sources. Healing Talks.</p>
<p>24 Null, Gary. 2012. FDA: Cult of Tyranny. Documentary.</p>
<p>25 Taylor, Michael C. 1994. Voluntary Labeling of Milk and Milk Products From Cows That Have Not Been Treated With Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin. FDA.</p>
<p>26 Robin, Marie-Monique. 2012. The World According to Monsanto. The New Press.</p>
<p>27 Adams, Mike. 2011. Burzynski documentary reveals true agenda of FDA and cancer industry to destroy cancer cures that really work. NaturalNews.</p>
<p>28 Griffin, G. Edward. 2001. World Without Cancer. American Media.</p>
<p>29 Feuer, E. 1998. Innocent Casualties: The FDA’s War Against Humanity.</p>
<p>32 Griffin, pg. 322-327.</p>
<p>33 Mercola, Joseph. 2011. American Cancer Society More Interested in Wealth than Health. Mercola.com</p>
<p>34 Long, Roderick T. 1993. How Government Solved the Healthcare Crisis. Markets Not Capitalism.</p>
<p>35 Johnson, Charles W. 2007. Scratching By: How Government Creates Poverty As We Know It. Markets Not Capitalism.</p>
<p>36 Sinn, Mike. 2012. Welfare Statistics: Government Spends More On Corporate Welfare than Social Welfare Programs. Think By Numbers.org.</p>
<p>37 The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Americans Are Most Generous, Global Poll Finds. 2011.</p>
<p>38 Gatto, John Taylor. 1992. Dumbing Us Down: The Hidden Curriculum of Compulsory Schooling. New Society Publishers.</p>
<p>39 Rothbard, Murray. 1999. Education: Free and Compulsory. Ludwig von Mises Institute.</p>
<p>40 Olsen et al. 2011. Healthy aspects of the Nordic diet are related to lower total mortality. J. Nutr.</p>
<p>41 Lieberman, Trudy. 2012. Healthcare expert for sale: The Guardian follows the saga of Liz Fowler, healthcare lobbyist extraordinaire. Columbia Journalism Review.</p>
<p>42 Lennard, Natasha. 2012. Obamacare architect heads to Big Pharma. Salon.com</p>
<p>43 Fram, Alan. 2010. Big Pharma Wins Big With Health Care Reform Bill. Huffington Post.</p>
<p>44 Ridgeway, James. 2010. Big Pharma a Big Winner in Health Care Reform. Mother Jones.</p>
<p>45 Princen, Thomas. 2005. The Logic of Sufficiency. MIT Press. Pg. 92-93.</p>
<p>46 Null et. al. 2005. Death By Medicine. J. Ortho. Med.</p>
<p>47 Barnes P. and Bloom B. 2007. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Adults and Children: United States. NIH.</p>
<p>48 Ni et al. 2002. Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by United States adults. Med. Care.</p>
<p>49 Bodeker G. and Kronenberg F. 2002 A Public Health Agenda for Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine. Am J Public Health.</p>
<p>50 Green, David. 1993. Reinventing Civil Society. Institute of Economic Affairs, Health and Welfare Unit. Pg. 30.</p>
<p>51 Evans, Tim. 1994. Socialism Without The State. Libertarian Alliance.</p>
<p>52 Beito, David. 1994. Lodge Doctors and the Poor. The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty</p>
<p>53 Carson, Kevin. 2010. The Healthcare Crisis: A Crisis of Artificial Scarcity. Center for a Stateless Society.</p>
<p>54 Beito, David. 2000. From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890-1967. University of North Carolina Press. Pg. 19.</p>
<p>55 Ibid., pg. 110.</p>
<p>56 Ibid., pg. 111.</p>
<p>57 Carson pg. 7</p>
<p>58 Ibid.</p>
<p>59 Parsons, Claudia. 2009. N.Y. Doctor Offers Flat Rate Care for Uninsured. Reuters.</p>
<p>60 Carson pg. 8-10.</p>
<p>61 Jesse Walker. 2009. Obama is No Radical. Reason Magazine.</p>
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