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	<title>Center for a Stateless Society &#187; economics</title>
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		<title>End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty on Feed 44</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/33333</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 08 Nov 2014 00:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[James Tuttle]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Feed 44]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carmen Segarra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Central Bank]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[C4SS Feed 44 presents Grant A. Mincy&#8216;s “End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty” read by Christopher B. King and edited by Nick Ford. Thanks to Carmen Segarra, however, we now have some keen insight to the inner operations of the Federal Reserve System. Segarra was recently employed at the New York Fed as a bank examiner, charged...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>C4SS Feed 44 presents <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/grant-mincy" target="_blank">Grant A. Mincy</a>&#8216;s “<a href="http://c4ss.org/content/32366" target="_blank">End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty</a>” read by Christopher B. King and edited by Nick Ford.</p>
<p><iframe width="500" height="375" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/7znscr93xLw?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>Thanks to Carmen Segarra, however, we now have some keen insight to the inner operations of the Federal Reserve System.</p>
<p>Segarra was recently employed at the New York Fed as a bank examiner, charged with ensuring the bank followed internal regulations and conducting “oversight” of the economic powerhouse. During her tenure, Segarra grew suspicious the Fed was rather lenient with powerful, well-connected investment banks — notably Goldman Sachs (a key player in the 2008 financial crisis). To document her concerns she recorded 46 hours of private meetings and conversations. Her recordings reveal the Fed is, in fact, rather cozy with the financial institutions it’s supposed to regulate.</p>
<p>With evidence in hand, Segarra voiced her objections.</p>
<p>She was soon fired.</p>
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		<title>Chiudete la Fed: L’Economia della Libertà</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/32748</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2014 11:00:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Grant A. Mincy]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stateless Embassies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carmen Segarra]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[La Federal Reserve ha l’incarico di mettere in pratica la politica monetaria americana. Considerato che dirige la più grande potenza economica mondiale, la Fed è ai vertici delle istituzioni di potere. Anche se guida la politica monetaria pubblica, la Fed è in gran parte privata. Dunque si muove in segreto, in assenza di controlli pubblici....]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" target="_blank">Federal Reserve</a> ha l’incarico di mettere in pratica la politica monetaria americana. Considerato che dirige la più grande potenza economica mondiale, la Fed è ai vertici delle istituzioni di potere. Anche se guida la politica monetaria pubblica, la Fed è in gran parte privata. Dunque si muove in segreto, in assenza di controlli pubblici. Grazie a <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/so-who-is-carmen-segarra-a-fed-whistleblower-qa" target="_blank">Carmen Segarra</a>, però, ora possiamo dare uno sguardo all’interno della <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" target="_blank">Federal Reserve</a>.</p>
<p>Qualche tempo fa, la Segarra è stata assunta dalla Fed di New York come esaminatore bancario, cioè con il compito di controllare che la banca seguisse tutti i regolamenti interni e di “supervisionare” questa centrale di potere economico. Durante il suo lavoro, la Segarra ha cominciato a sospettare una certa condiscendenza della Fed con le banche d’investimento che avevano buone amicizie; soprattutto la Goldman Sachs, <a href="http://documents.nytimes.com/goldman-sachs-internal-emails" target="_blank">protagonista chiave</a> della crisi finanziaria nel 2008. Per confermare i suoi sospetti, ha registrato 46 ore di incontri privati e conversazioni. Le registrazioni rivelano un atteggiamento piuttosto accomodante della Fed con le istituzioni finanziarie che avrebbe dovuto controllare. Prove alla mano, la Segarra ha dato voce alla sua protesta. È stata subito licenziata.</p>
<p>La donna è andata ad aggiungersi ai ranghi di altri informatori e ha passato le registrazioni a Jake Bernstein, <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/carmen-segarras-secret-recordings-from-inside-new-york-fed" target="_blank">un giornalista investigativo di ProPublica</a>, e <a href="http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/536/the-secret-recordings-of-carmen-segarra" target="_blank">al programma radiofonico <em>This American Life</em></a>. In un’intervista con l’emittente Npr, Bernstein nota: “Questa è gente che lavora dentro le banche. Incontra queste persone tutti i giorni, ha bisogno di informazioni dalle banche. È più facile ottenerle se si hanno amici e buone relazioni, ma a volte si scade nell’ossequio.” Le registrazioni rivelano molte cose, come gli accordi segreti definiti “oscuri” dagli stessi <a href="http://www.thinkadvisor.com/2014/10/01/regulatory-capture-by-wall-street-caught-on-tape" target="_blank">rappresentanti della Fed</a>, e rivelano la cultura corrotta che regna nella banca centrale.</p>
<p>“Scadere nell’ossequio” non è il termine appropriato. Meglio chiamarlo furto. La popolazione è derubata della propria libertà di agire e della propria sicurezza. Un furto sotto forma di salvataggi bancari e di una politica economica basata sul “troppo grande per fallire”, a vantaggio del capitalismo di stato.</p>
<p>Dopo le rivelazioni, il senatore democratico Elizabeth Warren, del Massachusetts, ha <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/28/elizabeth-warren-new-york-fed_n_5896778.html" target="_blank">invocato</a> un’indagine sulla corruzione della Fed. Assieme a lei il suo collega democratico Sherrod Brown. Illusioni.</p>
<p>Sono tantissimi anni che le grandi aziende e il settore finanziario godono di privilegi economici garantiti dallo stato con la premessa che queste istituzioni sono indispensabili alla società. La finanza è separata ma allo stesso tempo legata profondamente allo stato. Questo significa che l’economia della nazione è connessa direttamente con queste istituzioni. Questi legami danno forza ad un’economia politica corporativa in cui lo stato ha interesse diretto a far sì che queste concentrazioni di capitale, oggi definite “troppo grandi per fallire”, abbiano successo. Se vuole conservarsi in salute, lo stato deve garantire la stabilità del capitalismo.</p>
<p>Le normative appaiono così come uno spreco di tempo, energie e denaro pubblico.</p>
<p>Noi che apparteniamo alla sinistra di mercato siamo contrari a queste concentrazioni di potere e capitali, che in primo luogo permettono l’esistenza di istituzioni “troppo grandi per fallire”. Crediamo che spetti al potere della società, liberato dalla simbiosi stato-capitale, guidare il mercato. Immaginiamo un sistema economico e di governance decentralizzato e partecipativo. In una società basata sulla libertà personale e di associazione non c’è posto per il potere.</p>
<p>Chi è a capo della Fed, così come gli altri presunti controllori, crede di poter programmare l’economia. Il loro problema è che il mercato, come tutto ciò che dipende dal comportamento umano, non è fatto per essere programmato: il mercato è spontaneo. La volontà di controllare l’economia porta necessariamente all’ingabbiamento dell’attività umana e dell’innovazione. In un mercato liberato, al contrario, il potere sarebbe diffuso tra tutti, e questo richiederebbe libertà di agire e di seguire le proprie inclinazioni. È tempo di chiudere la Fed e di mettere in pratica un’economia basata sulla libertà.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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		<title>End the Fed: The Economics of Liberty</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/32366</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Oct 2014 18:00:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Grant A. Mincy]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carmen Segarra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Central Bank]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Elizabeth Warren]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The Federal Reserve is responsible for implementing US monetary policy. As it directs the world&#8217;s largest economy, the Fed earns top rank among powerful institutions. Though the central bank guides state monetary policy, the Fed is largely a private institution. As such, bank operations move in secrecy, absent of oversight from the public arena. Thanks...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The <a title="Federal Reserve System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System">Federal Reserve</a> is responsible for implementing US monetary policy. As it directs the world&#8217;s largest economy, the Fed earns top rank among powerful institutions. Though the central bank guides state monetary policy, the Fed is largely a private institution. As such, bank operations move in secrecy, absent of oversight from the public arena. Thanks to <a title="So Who is Carmen Segarra? A Fed Whistleblower Q&amp;A" href="http://www.propublica.org/article/so-who-is-carmen-segarra-a-fed-whistleblower-qa">Carmen Segarra</a>, however, we now have some keen insight to the inner operations of the <a title="Federal Reserve System" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System">Federal Reserve System</a>.</p>
<p>Segarra was recently employed at the New York Fed as a bank examiner, charged with ensuring the bank followed internal regulations and conducting &#8220;oversight&#8221; of the economic powerhouse. During her tenure, Segarra grew suspicious the Fed was rather lenient with powerful, well-connected investment banks &#8212; notably Goldman Sachs (a <a title="Goldman Sachs and the Financial Crisis" href="http://documents.nytimes.com/goldman-sachs-internal-emails">key player</a> in the 2008 financial crisis). To document her concerns she recorded 46 hours of private meetings and conversations. Her recordings reveal the Fed is, in fact, rather cozy with the financial institutions it&#8217;s supposed to regulate. With evidence in hand, Segarra voiced her objections. She was soon fired.</p>
<p>Segarra joined the ranks of other whistle-blowers and leaked her recordings to Jake Bernstein, <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/carmen-segarras-secret-recordings-from-inside-new-york-fed" target="_blank">an investigative reporter from <em>ProPublica</em></a>, and to the <a href="http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/536/the-secret-recordings-of-carmen-segarra" target="_blank">public radio program, <em>This American Life</em></a>. In an interview with NPR, Bernstein notes: &#8220;These are people who work inside the banks. They see these people every day, and they need to obtain the information from these banks, and it&#8217;s easier to obtain the information if you&#8217;re friendly and if you have a good relationship, but sometimes that can slide to deference.&#8221; The tapes reveal much, such as back-room deals described as &#8220;shady&#8221; <a title="‘Regulatory Capture’ by Wall Street Caught on Tape?" href="http://www.thinkadvisor.com/2014/10/01/regulatory-capture-by-wall-street-caught-on-tape">by Fed officials</a>, but at their heart, the recordings tell the story of a corrupt culture within the central bank.</p>
<p>A &#8220;slide to deference&#8221; is not the proper description. Theft is more accurate. The theft of labor, property and security from the populace, in the form of bailouts and &#8220;too big to fail&#8221; economic policy, for the benefit of the state capitalist system.</p>
<p>Because of the leaks, US Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) <a title="Elizabeth Warren Wants to Investigate the Fed" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/28/elizabeth-warren-new-york-fed_n_5896778.html">is trumpeting the call</a> for a corruption investigation into the Fed. She is joined by her Democratic colleague Sherrod Brown. Such calls are folly.</p>
<p>State-sanctioned economic privilege has long been granted to big business and the financial sector under the premise that these institutions are necessary for social organization. The financial sector is separate from, but intimately related with, the state. As such, the economy of the nation-state is directly linked to these institutions. This relationship forges a corporatist political economy where the state has direct interest in the success of these now “too big to fail” concentrations of capital &#8212; the state must keep capitalism stable for its own preservation..</p>
<p>Regulation is thus a waste of time, energy and taxpayer dollars.</p>
<p>Those of us on the market left, however, oppose the very concentrations of power and capital that allow &#8220;too big to fail&#8221; institutions to exist in the first place. We believe social power, liberated of state-capital symbiosis, should steer the market. We envision decentralized and participatory systems of governance and economics. There is no room for archism in a social order of liberty and free association.</p>
<p>Those that head the Fed, and other would-be regulators, imagine they can design economic systems. The problem is markets, like all human behavior, are not structured for the command and control mentality &#8212; markets are spontaneous. The desire for control of economic systems necessarily requires the restriction of human labor and innovation. The liberated market, in contrast, with power diffused to the public arena, requires liberty and the inclined labor of human-beings. It&#8217;s far past time we end the Fed and actualize the economics of liberty.</p>
<p>Translations for this article:</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian, <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/32748" target="_blank">Chiudete la Fed: L’Economia della Libertà</a>.</li>
</ul>
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		<title>The Situation of the Argentine Worker</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/31598</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/31598#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2014 19:00:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Alan Furth]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Feature Articles]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Right after the economic crisis the country went through over ten years ago, which reached its climax in 2001, Argentina bounced back and entered a period of relative prosperity due to favorable foreign trade conditions. Nevertheless, the situation of the average Argentine worker remains the same as it has been for hundreds of years: their...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Right after the economic crisis the country went through over ten years ago, which reached its climax in 2001, Argentina bounced back and entered a period of relative prosperity due to favorable foreign trade conditions. Nevertheless, the situation of the average Argentine worker remains the same as it has been for hundreds of years: their access to the means of production, to capital, is still systematically restricted by the State.</p>
<p>1) Thanks to what is already an incipient recession, the country&#8217;s current economic situation is deteriorating rapidly. <a href="http://www.clarin.com/politica/gente-ocupada-gana-mensuales_0_1108689131.html">75 percent of Argentine workers earn less than 6,500 pesos per month</a> (about US$590), while half of those employed earn less than 4,040 pesos (US$367) per month, i.e., little more than the minimum wage of 3,600 pesos (US$327). The 25 percent that earns the least charges less than 2,500 pesos per month (US$227), the rate of informal employment has already reached 33.5 percent, and 1,200,000 people are unemployed. And these already meager income levels are further eroded by rampant inflation and heavy tax burdens.</p>
<p>Half of the workers who earn the least and consume most of their income, face a 21 percent VAT tax. This is an extremely regressive tax, since a worker with a salary of 3,600 pesos, who consumes most of it, pays taxes that represent more than one-fifth of their salary, while someone with a salary of 10,000 pesos &#8212; if we assume their monthly consumption level is equal to the minimum salary as well &#8212; pays only 7.5 percent of their income in taxes. In addition to all this, the government&#8217;s failure or unwillingness to update income tax brackets in an inflationary environment has swept away the wages of higher paid workers: a construction worker who earns 15,000 pesos (US$1,363) or more, gives up almost 40 percent of their income to the state.</p>
<p>Thus Argentina is emerging as the country where the state has the greatest influence over the economy in the region, and one of the countries in the world where <a href="http://www.iprofesional.com/notas/182141-Cristina-vctima-de-la-curva-de-Laffer-el-Gobierno-casi-sin-margen-para-subir-impuestos-y-mejorar-la-caja">employees pay the most taxes</a>. Due to outdated tax brackets applied to workers earning decent wages, VAT and income tax are the main contributors to the state&#8217;s coffers in nominal terms, over and above taxes applied to large soy plantations and fuels [1].</p>
<p>2) But worst of all, the Argentine wage-earner today has less alternatives for emancipation and independence than ever. Even if they could manage to save a bit by somehow avoiding the sting of inflation, they face overwhelming barriers for entering markets, mainly due to national laws and municipal regulations for starting businesses. These restrictions raise startup costs for virtually any modest enterprise to over 100,000 pesos (over US$9,000). But because it is actually extremely hard for workers to avoid the effects of inflation, investment from savings on wages is virtually impossible.</p>
<p>Credit is virtually inaccessible. Banks charge interest rates of around 70 percent, and don&#8217;t lend less than 120,000 pesos for small or medium-sized enterprises. Furthermore, banks offer around 18 percent annually on deposits to savers, a trifle when compared with the rates they charge their customers for consumption loans and credit cards. The profits earned by banks for their monopoly on credit are unmatched in other sectors of Argentina&#8217;s economy. And with the last devaluation of January this year, profits grew even more. In fact, it could be said that apart from the government, banks were the only beneficiaries of the devaluation. All other sectors suffered a heavy loss in their purchasing power. During the first quarter of 2014, the Argentine economy didn&#8217;t grow, yet the banking sector boasted a <a href="http://agenciapacourondo.com.ar/secciones/economia/14612-economia-la-extraordinaria-ganancia-de-los-bancos-.html">300 percent increase in earnings</a> when compared to the same period of 2013 [2].</p>
<p>3) Finding it impossible to gain financial freedom through savings or through credit, all that remains for the average worker is to flee towards assets that enable them to at least protect the value of their scarce capital against inflation. This used to be done mainly through the purchase of US dollars or any other foreign currency, but the state, in an effort to enclose resources to support its client network, imposed a rigid set of foreign-exchange controls in 2011. The system was so rigid during the first stages of its implementation that it fueled a strong black currency market. It was only made somewhat more flexible in January 2014, and for the benefit of a privileged few: only those earning 7,200 pesos per month (US$654) &#8212; the equivalent of two minimum wages &#8212; or more may acquire foreign currency, and from that point onwards, the allowances for foreign currency purchases grow in tandem with the level of earned income. It is hard to think of a more <a href="http://www.infobae.com/2014/01/27/1539631-la-afip-anuncio-la-formula-que-se-calculara-la-venta-dolares-ahorro">regressive scheme</a> for rationing a scarce resource.</p>
<p>In other words, more than 75 percent of Argentine workers are left out of the foreign-exchange market, making it extremely difficult to hedge against the inflation of the Peso. The flight towards other assets, such as durable goods like cars &#8212; I don&#8217;t take real estate into account because it has been inaccessible to the majority of the population for decades &#8212; has been massive, and along with Brazilian purchases, is the main factor compensating the reduction of staff and operations by major automakers due to slower economic growth. In short, the Argentine wage-earner has little choice but to work for someone else for a miserable salary that quickly melts away due to inflation &#8212; if the incipient recession doesn&#8217;t drag them into unemployment altogether.</p>
<p>4) With the crisis of 2001, the popular spirit was such that the slogan on everyone&#8217;s mind was &#8220;throw them all out,&#8221; a clear reflection of the people&#8217;s total loss of confidence in the political class. The proliferation of neighborhood assemblies, occupied worker-managed workplaces, and popular organizations without visible political leaders were the norm until Eduardo Duhalde&#8217;s police State paved the way, through repression and economic adjustment, for the first government of Néstor Kirchner in 2003. Today, despite poverty figures not being as dramatic as they were back then, the spirit of the Argentine people is similar, but definitely not mature enough.</p>
<p>Still, we are reaching a point at which the legitimacy of representative democracy is reaching a clear historical low: regular people seem to be realizing that the whole political show is all about sustaining the livelihood of the political class, and that once again, the course of events will evolve as it repeatedly has for decades. This perception has been boosted by the fact that the leading candidates for the 2015 presidential elections are all Frankensteins from the Kirchnerist/Duhaldist/Menemist laboratory. Even the &#8220;rightist&#8221; faction led by Mauricio Macri has greatly warmed up to the current government.</p>
<p>On the other hand, the statist left&#8217;s popularity has grown considerably in recent years, especially in some of the country&#8217;s major trade associations, and has gained a good chunk of legislative positions. The average worker is no longer convinced by Peronism, which has <a href="http://revistalabarraca.com.ar/?p=702">morphed</a> into what radicalism became during the early twentieth century when it came to power: a purely conservative movement. However, despite the advancement of alternatives to the hegemonic Peronism being a very positive development in itself, it is still the authoritarian left of always. Their proposals are, beyond the &#8220;assembly&#8221; or &#8220;democratic&#8221; rhetoric, more centralization, more power to the state, and more taxes on producers.</p>
<p>5) I think Argentina needs a leftist movement that truly advocates for the emancipation of the producer, for the elimination of monopoly privileges in banking, land, and industry, and that doesn&#8217;t lean the weight of the state over the shoulders of workers and entrepreneurs &#8212; a left that leaves all political and economic decision-making in the hands of citizens. A <em>libertarian</em> movement. A movement that doesn&#8217;t spring from the heights of the classical liberal spectrum, who in any case would not approach workers for more than urging them to read Ludwig von Mises and to glorify Juan Bautista Alberdi. There is a huge cultural gap between this alleged rationalism, inherited from the eighteenth century, and the Argentine cultural heritage. The same distance that exists with the rusty figures of Marx and Trotsky that the left pretends to impose.</p>
<p>The Argentine mindset is fundamentally libertarian due to historical, cultural, and idiosyncratic reasons &#8212; that&#8217;s the key fact we have to work with.</p>
<p>[1] <a href="www.afip.gob.ar/estudios/archivos/serie2014.xls"><em>Tax Collection</em> &#8212; Annual Series 2014</a>, Federal Administration of Public Revenues (AFIP). A frequent argument against this criticism of statist depredation is that the collected monies &#8220;come back&#8221; to the people in the form of public or social services, such as the Universal Child Allowance (UCA), or educational services. It is important to note that the UCA is merely a superficial remedy aimed at containing the destructive impulses of the lumpenproletariat (that we all know very well ever since episodes like those of 2001), and that despite the increase in public-education investment from 4 percent to 6.2 percent of GDP, student enrollment in private schools grew seven times more than in public schools due to the continuous decay of the quality of public education, which does not offer any hope for the future for its pupils and keeps teachers in utterly precarious labor conditions. Again, workers suffer a double whammy: they sustain public education with their taxes, and at the same time make an incredible effort to afford paying for the private education of their children.</p>
<p>[2] This is nothing new. It has been pointed out by a great number of thinkers who emphasized the need for the worker to have the capacity to access credit for their emancipation, from Proudhon, William Greene, Benjamin Tucker, and Silvio Gesell, to Kevin Carson in more recent times, among others.</p>
<p>Translated by <a href="http://alanfurth.com">Alan Furth</a> from <a href="http://www.mutualismo.org/notas-sobre-la-situacion-argentina/">the original in Spanish</a>.</p>
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		<title>Neighborhood Environmentalism: Building Sustainable Markets</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/28685</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/28685#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 Jun 2014 18:00:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Grant A. Mincy]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[china]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common property]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[commons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Conservation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ecology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[free market anti-capitalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Karl Hess]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[laissez-faire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Neighborhood Environmentalism]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[We live in a time of precipitous biodiversity loss, on course to yield the sixth great extinction. In such a time there should be high priority placed on protecting biodiversity. Instead of curbing habitat loss, the leading cause of extinction, however, the Chinese government actively pursues it. In the rich bioregion of central China, home to numerous species of endemic...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We live in a time of precipitous biodiversity loss, on course to yield <a title="The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/344/6187/1246752.abstract?sid=d1eb3640-ea8b-4c5d-aa13-c87c91d5a536">the sixth great extinction</a>. In such a time there should be high priority placed on <a title="Neighborhood Environmentalism: Protecting Biodiversity" href="http://c4ss.org/content/27805">protecting biodiversity</a>. Instead of curbing habitat loss, the leading cause of extinction, however, the Chinese government actively pursues it. In the rich bioregion of central China, home to numerous species of endemic plants and animals, the state is leveling <a title="China to flatten 700 mountains for new metropolis in the desert" href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/06/china-flatten-mountain-lanzhou-new-area">700 mountains</a> for economic development.</p>
<p>An <a title="Environment: Accelerate research on land creation" href="http://www.nature.com/news/environment-accelerate-research-on-land-creation-1.15327#/mountains">article</a> published in early June by Chinese scientists in the international journal, <em><a title="Nature" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html">Nature</a></em> argues &#8220;the consequences of these unprecedented programmes have not been thought through — environmentally, technically or economically.&#8221; Such projects ultimately result in air and water pollution, soil erosion and large-scale geological hazards such as land subsidence. The authors conclude this project will lead to the vast destruction of forests &#8211; endangering rare flora and fauna.</p>
<p>State controlled media offers an alternative story, however, noting the loss of mountain habitat in the region will “<a title="Lanzhou &quot;New Area&quot; set up to create environmentally sustainable economy" href="http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20120907/102472.shtml">lead to the creation of an environmentally sustainable economy based on energy-saving industries</a>.&#8221; In their <em>Nature</em> article, though, the scholars note: &#8220;Many land-creation projects in China ignore environmental regulations, because local governments tend to prioritize making money over protecting nature.&#8221; The authors close by arguing the Chinese government needs to further research the project, recruiting help from other government organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Geological Survey and an international association of hydrologist&#8217;s from the United States and Canada. Though I agree more environmental protection would relieve <em>some</em> ecological stress, these recommendations do not <a title="The Root is Power" href="http://c4ss.org/content/17573">strike the root</a> of the problem &#8212; state economic power.</p>
<p>If we instead apply laissez-faire politics to land management we may begin to view land as it is (natural, beautiful and important) as opposed to how it should be.</p>
<p>American libertarian and political philosopher Karl Hess Jr., in his book <em><a title="Karl Hess: Visions Upon the Land" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=UuUXOxomAPAC&amp;pg=PP3&amp;lpg=PP3&amp;dq=karl+hess+environment&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=gCKovfldrH&amp;sig=Xn7LK-slpLW_mT7P326DW5%E2%80%93B58&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=y42pU7mTI4PNsQTd74CgBw&amp;ved=0CFYQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;q=karl%20hess%20environment&amp;f=false">Visions Upon the Land: Man and Nature on the Western Range</a></em>,<em> </em>attributes the decline in health of natural lands to inherent problems in government policy, ecological destabilization due to government intrusion and the destructiveness of sweeping land use policies. Hess believes that instead of looking for more laws and regulations to manage natural resources (inevitably enhancing state economic power) we should instead seek an economic system based on voluntary market interactions without the involvement of the <a title="State (polity)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(polity)">state</a>.</p>
<p>This adaptive approach to ecological protection <a title="Managing the Anthropocene" href="http://c4ss.org/content/26360">yields incredible results</a>. Take for instance the work of Nobel Laureate <a title="Elinor Ostrom" href="http://elinorostrom.indiana.edu/">Elinor Ostrom</a>. Her work reveals environmental sustainability is not the product of government intervention, but instead a result of self organized institutions where key management decisions are made as organically as possible. It is also wise to remember the old community based, sustainable management of village lands &#8211; suppressed by the great landlords, the communist state and the neoliberal state in succession.</p>
<p>Homogenization is dangerous for both world ecosystems and economics. Nature and human civilization are incredibly complex and dynamic &#8211; neither will be sustained by sweeping ideas of natural resource management.</p>
<p>Ecological systems and free markets share an affinity for diversity and both long for sustainability. The dissolution of power and control will advance best management practices. For this reason, we should not look vertically to state institutions, but horizontally to one another in the market. The goal should not be expanding the floor of the cage, the goal should be abolition. <a title="Neighborhood Environmentalism: Toward Democratic Energy" href="http://c4ss.org/content/27895">Neighborhood environmentalism</a> will build sustainable markets &#8212; and markets are beautiful.</p>
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		<title>Per l’Açaí, Contro lo Stato</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/27509</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/27509#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 May 2014 11:00:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valdenor Júnior]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Italian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stateless Embassies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[açaí]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[individual rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[local economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[localism]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Come tutte le persone nate nello stato di Para, anch’io amo l’açaí (pronunciato assaì). Tutti i paraensi, a prescindere dallo status socio-economico, lo mangiano. È una realtà innegabile della vita nello stato di Para. Se vivi nella capitale, Belem, açaí ti ricorda costantemente che sei nell’Amazzonia, così come gli aironi in centro città. Açaí, preparato...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Come tutte le persone nate nello stato di Para, anch’io amo l’açaí (pronunciato assaì). Tutti i paraensi, a prescindere dallo status socio-economico, lo mangiano. <a href="http://g1.globo.com/globo-reporter/noticia/2013/04/pesquisas-provam-que-acai-da-amazonia-derruba-o-colesterol-alto.html">È una realtà innegabile della vita nello stato di Para</a>. Se vivi nella capitale, Belem, açaí ti ricorda costantemente che sei nell’Amazzonia, così <a href="http://https://www.google.com.br/search?q=pra%25c3%25a7a+batista+campos+gar%25c3%25a7as%2520&amp;hs=8ft">come gli aironi in centro città.</a></p>
<p>Açaí, preparato secondo la tradizione, è così amato nello stato di Para che c’è una <a href="http://letras.mus.br/lucinha-bastos/221261/">canzone</a> che dice così: “Chi va a Para si ferma, mangia l’açaí e rimane.”</p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">L’açaí che si vende a Para non è lo stesso che si vende in tutto il Brasile. Il suo aroma vero lo si può trovare solo nella forma pura preparata qui, non in quella diluita e miscelata che si vende altrove.</span></p>
<p>Data la richiesta, chi può avere interesse a minacciare l’açaí tradizionale? Lo stato, ovviamente.</p>
<p>Nel 2010 fu presentato un <a href="http://www.senado.gov.br/atividade/materia/getpdf.asp?t=79773&amp;tp=1">disegno di legge</a> che imponeva la “Pastorizzazione obbligatoria della polpa di açaí.”</p>
<p>Il primo paragrafo dice tutto:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">§1 La polpa derivata dal frutto dell’aizeiro (<i>Euterpe oleracea</i>) deve essere sottoposto a pastorizzazione secondo regolamenti specifici, con l’obiettivo di prevenire la trasmissione di malattie agli esseri umani.</p>
<p>Il commercio di açaí non pastorizzato (tradizionale) sarebbe stato punibile, la prima volta, con una multa di 1.000 dollari, con il servizio civile e 2.500 dollari di multa la seconda, e con la chiusura dell’attività la terza.</p>
<p>A giustificazione fu citata una malattia chiamata chagas. A difesa del provvedimento, il proponente disse che mangiare açaí non pastorizzato, come accade soprattutto in Amazzonia, “potrebbe diventare un problema di salute pubblica di grosse proporzioni, [perciò] sentiamo che è importante rendere obbligatoria la pastorizzazione della polpa di acaizeiro.” Come <a href="http://ambientes.ambientebrasil.com.br/amazonia/artigos/o_acai_do_para_e_o_mundo.html">notò</a> Flavio Pinto, “i paraensi usano l’açaí da così tanto tempo” che la legge non ha alcun senso. Tanto più che “i venditori adottano già” misure di igiene e di qualità.</p>
<p>La proposta era talmente assurda che la sua approvazione avrebbe reso illegali i “punti vendita tradizionali di açaí in tutto lo stato di Para.” I piccoli ritrovi, “riconoscibili dall’insegna viola, arrivano a 4.000 solo nell’area metropolitana di Belem.” Secondo il Sindacato dei Lavoratori della Frutta e Derivati di Para (Sindfrutas), “l’attività coinvolge oltre 100.000 famiglie soltanto nella regione”.</p>
<p>L’allora presidente di Sindfrutas, Solange Motas, mise in evidenza la perdita di posti che sarebbe risultata: “Il senatore Tiao Viana non ha idea di quanti posti si perderebbero in questa regione. Sappiamo di oltre 4.000 ritrovi che vendono açaí, solo nei dintorni di Belem, e in tutto lo stato il numero dovrebbe superare i 10.000. Il progetto di legge impedirebbe a queste persone di lavorare. È una legge con mille difetti, come si vede già dal testo.”</p>
<p>Comunque la si veda, la proposta era stupida. Dalle drastiche interferenze con le tradizioni locali ai problemi seri che avrebbero avuto migliaia di piccoli commercianti, era chiaramente una legge ingiusta e completamente staccata dalla realtà locale. La ragione prevalse e la proposta di legge, fortunatamente, <a href="http://diariodopara.diarioonline.com.br/n-98651-acai+nao+precisara+ser+pasteurizado.html">fu bocciata</a>.</p>
<p>Ma non dobbiamo fermarci qui. È spaventoso che un senatore federale, a migliaia di chilometri dallo stato di Para, abbia il potere (e la faccia tosta) di proporre un disegno di legge in grado di interferire così pesantemente con le tradizioni locali. È spaventoso il fatto che il parlamento nazionale di Brasilia abbia il potere di passare una legge del genere in grado di alterare profondamente la vita dei paraensi. È chiaramente assurdo pensare che i paraensi, che mangiano açaí da tantissimo tempo, abbiano bisogno di Brasilia per evitare di morire di Chagas.</p>
<p>Certo, potrebbero esserci contaminazioni, occorrono standard di sicurezza sanitaria, ma niente può giustificare la messa al bando dell’açaí non pastorizzato, e niente può togliere all’individuo la libertà di scelta.</p>
<p>È ora di togliere dalle mani del governo la capacità di decidere cosa possiamo e non possiamo mangiare. Dobbiamo impedirgli anche solo di concepire una disegno di legge di quella natura e la possibilità di interferire profondamente con l’attività dell’Amazzonia. Ad essere sinceri, dovremmo approvare una clausola valevole per l’eternità: il diritto inalienabile di mangiare e vendere l’açaí come ci pare. Il diritto ad un açaí che non abbia il gusto amaro dello stato.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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		<title>For Acai, Against the State</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/27163</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/27163#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2014 18:00:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Valdenor Júnior]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Commentary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[açaí]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economics]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Like any other Para-born person, I like acai (pronounced &#8220;assa-IH,&#8221; people) a lot. Every Paraense, regardless of socio-economic status, eats it. It is an undeniablefact of life in Para. If you live in the capital, Belem, that is a constant reminder that we live in the Amazon, just like the herons downtown. Acai, as it is traditionally...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Like any other Para-born person, I like acai (pronounced &#8220;assa-IH,&#8221; people) a lot. Every Paraense, regardless of socio-economic status, eats it. <a href="http://g1.globo.com/globo-reporter/noticia/2013/04/pesquisas-provam-que-acai-da-amazonia-derruba-o-colesterol-alto.html" target="_blank">It is an undeniablefact of life in Par</a>a. If you live in the capital, Belem, that is a constant reminder that we live in the Amazon, <a href="https://www.google.com.br/search?q=pra%C3%A7a+batista+campos+gar%C3%A7as%20&amp;hs=8ft" target="_blank">just like the herons downtown</a>.</p>
<p>Acai, as it is traditionally made, is so beloved in Para that there is a <a href="http://letras.mus.br/lucinha-bastos/221261/" target="_blank">song</a> with the following verses: &#8220;Anyone who went to Para stopped. They ate acai, stayed.&#8221;</p>
<p>The acai sold in Para is not the same one that is sold all over Brazil. Its real flavor is found in the pure one prepared here, not in the diluted and mixed recipe sold elsewhere.</p>
<p>Who could threaten the traditional acai, if there is such a demand for it? The state, obviously.</p>
<p>In 2010, a <a href="http://www.senado.gov.br/atividade/materia/getPDF.asp?t=79773&amp;tp=1" target="_blank">bill</a> was presented about the &#8220;Mandatory pasteurization of the acai pulp.&#8221;</p>
<p>Its first paragraph laid it out:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">&#8220;§1 The pulp derived from the fruit of the a aizeiro (<i>Euterpe oleracea</i>) should undergo pasteurization, according to specific regulation, with the objective of preventing the communication of diseases to human beings.&#8221;</p>
<p>The commerce of unpasteurized (traditional) acai would be punishable by fines of about $1,000 in the first occurrence, $2,500 and community service in the second and closing of the store in the third.</p>
<p>Chagas disease was the justification for the project. The author defended it on the grounds that eating unpasteurized acai, something that goes on especially in the Amazon, &#8220;could become a public health issue of great proportions, [thus] we find it important to mandate the immediate pasteurization of the acaizeiro fruit pulp.&#8221; As Lucio Flavio Pinto <a href="http://ambientes.ambientebrasil.com.br/amazonia/artigos/o_acai_do_para_e_o_mundo.html" target="_blank">noted</a>, &#8220;it has been so long since acai was adopted by the Paraense,&#8221; that the law does not make any sense. Moreover, hygiene measures and quality standards were &#8220;already adopted by the sellers anyway.&#8221;</p>
<p>The bill was so absurd that its approval would make illegal the &#8220;traditional selling points of acai all over Para.&#8221; The little joints, &#8220;recognizable by their purple sign, add up to over 4,000 only in the Metropolitan Region of Belem.&#8221; According to the Fruit and Derivates Industries Union in Para (Sindfrutas), &#8220;the activity involves over 100,000 families, only in the region.&#8221;</p>
<p>Sindfrutas&#8217;s president at the time, Solange Motas, highlighted the unemployment that would result: &#8220;Senator Tiao Viana has no idea how many people are going to be left jobless in this region. In Belem&#8217;s surroundings only, there are over 4,000 acai joints that we know of, and in the state the number should be over 10,000. They are people who are going to be helpless by this bill. It is a very flawed law, and it shows even in its writing.&#8221;</p>
<p>From every angle, it was a stupid proposal. From the drastic meddling with a local tradition to the serious economic problems that would follow to thousands of small vendors, it was an unjust law and completely oblivious to the local reality. Reason prevailed and the bill, fortunately, <a href="http://diariodopara.diarioonline.com.br/N-98651-ACAI+NAO+PRECISARA+SER+PASTEURIZADO.html" target="_blank">was rejected</a>.</p>
<p>We should not be satisfied, though. It is just amazing that a federal senator, thousands of miles away from the Para, would have the power (and the nerve) to propose such a bill that would interfere so drastically with a local tradition. It is appalling that the National Congress, in Brasilia, even has the power to pass such a law to alter significantly the life of every Paraense. It is so patently absurd to think that the Paraenses, who have been eating acai for so long, would need Brasilia to keep them from dying from Chagas disease.</p>
<p>Contamination can happen, sure, and safety and health procedures are in order, but there is nothing to justify the ban on unpasteurized acai, nothing can take away the right to choose from the individual.</p>
<p>It is time to take back the right from the government to decide what we can or cannot eat. We have to ban the ability of the government even to conceive of a bill of that nature and the possibility of them meddling so deeply in the Amazonian life. Actually, we should pass a new eternity clause: the inalienable right to eat the açaí we want and the inalienable right to sell it. The right to an açaí without the bitter taste of the state.</p>
<p>Translations for this article:</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian, <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/27509" target="_blank">Per l’Açaí, Contro lo Stato</a>.</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Denuncia dei Redditi: Che Genere di “Civiltà” Stiamo Finanziando?</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26995</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26995#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2014 11:00:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Carson]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Il quindici aprile sembra diventata una sorta di festività per i progressisti, che ogni volta inevitabilmente tirano fuori la frase di Oliver Wendell Holmes, secondo cui le tasse sono “il prezzo che paghiamo per la civiltà”, e ci ricordano tutte le grandi cose – strade, scuole e altro – che le tasse producono. A ben...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Il quindici aprile sembra diventata una sorta di festività per i progressisti, che ogni volta inevitabilmente tirano fuori la frase di Oliver Wendell Holmes, secondo cui le tasse sono “il prezzo che paghiamo per la civiltà”, e ci ricordano tutte le grandi cose – strade, scuole e altro – che le tasse producono. A ben vedere, però, il giorno della dichiarazione dei redditi non è la scelta migliore in fatto di festività progressiste.</p>
<p>Cominciamo dall’idea di una tassazione progressiva come rimedio alla diseguaglianza economica, e all’ingiusta distribuzione della ricchezza, prendendo Bill Gates come esempio illustrativo. Quasi tutto il prezzo del software Microsoft, probabilmente 99 centesimi per ogni dollaro che entra nelle sue tasche, corrisponde ad un furto. Tutta la fortuna di Gates è un bottino, rendita monopolistica estratta dalle tasche dei consumatori grazie alle leggi sulla “proprietà intellettuale” (sic). Se non fosse per il copyright e il monopolio dei brevetti sui suoi sistemi operativi e altri prodotti, Gates avrebbe potuto diventare, giusto come possibilità, milionario vendendo servizi di supporto e di personalizzazione di software di per sé gratis (il modello imprenditoriale di Linux). Anche accumulando 10 milioni di dollari, raggiungerebbe lo 0,01% del suo reddito massimo raggiunto, che è di 100 miliardi. Se pensiamo che Gates non avrebbe mai potuto acquisire quel bottino senza l’aiuto delle leggi federali, sembra ragionevole supporre che l’obiettivo della giustizia potrebbe essere raggiunto solo tassando il reddito di Gates al 100%. Altrimenti, lo stato sta semplicemente aiutando Gates a derubarti per poi renderti una frazione del bottino tanto per rendere l’ingiustizia meno destabilizzante.</p>
<p>Lo stesso principio si applica a tutta la “tassazione progressiva” della ricchezza dei plutocrati. Il compito primario dello stato consiste nell’imporre diritti di proprietà artificiali e scarsità artificiali da cui la classe economica dominante può estrarre rendita. Aspetto molto secondario, una piccolissima porzione di questa rendita viene data ai più poveri tra i poveri, così da evitare che la fame e la disperazione raggiungano un livello politicamente destabilizzante talmente alto che la popolazione potrebbe fare a pezzi tutto il macchinario dello sfruttamento. Questa ricchezza serve anche a dare alla classe media qualche diritto acquisito, come la Social Security (il sistema pensionistico pubblico americano, <i>ndt</i>), sebbene questo sia finanziato quasi interamente dalle deduzioni non progressive in busta paga. La spesa sociale serve a mantenere il potere d’acquisto abbastanza alto da impedire al ciclo economico di boom e crollo di diventare troppo aspro. Tornando alla questione, tutte queste forme di assistenza sociale per i più poveri e diritti acquisiti per la classe media impallidiscono di fronte alla ricchezza che i plutocrati rubano alla popolazione con l’aiuto dello stato.</p>
<p>Anche tassare i plutocrati al 100% e dare tutto alla popolazione sotto forma di reddito garantito sarebbe profondamente stupido. Sarebbe come prendere con una mano e rendere con l’altra, mangiando metà del denaro con i costi amministrativi. Sarebbe molto più sensato che lo stato smettesse di aiutare i ricchi a derubarci in primo luogo: Abolite brevetti e copyright, diritti di proprietà su terre possedute e inutilizzate, barriere d’ingresso imposte alle piccole aziende, costrizioni normative sui lavoratori autonomi e chi lavora a casa e compete con attività fatte di capannoni e uffici, e altro simile. Ma voi sapete che lo stato non lo farà, perché imporre il sistema di sfruttamento è la sua ATTIVITÀ.</p>
<p>E tutte quelle autostrade, strade, scuole, “difesa” nazionale e altri simili? Bè, in linea generale, tutte le volte che lo stato fornisce “servizi pubblici” sottocosto a beneficiarne di più sono le grandi imprese il cui modello d’impresa dipende fortemente da questi aiuti di stato. I principali beneficiari del sistema autostradale interstatale (messo su sotto la supervisione del segretario al dipartimento del dipartimento della difesa Charles “Quello che è bene per la General Motors è bene per l’America” Wilson, ex amministratore delegato della General Motors), ad esempio, sono i comparti del trasporto su strada, le grosse catene commerciali, le industrie conserviere, le grosse birrerie, che hanno fatto fuori i negozi, le conserviere e le birrerie locali, e hanno trasformato la provincia in un deserto.</p>
<p>La scuola classifica, seleziona e trasforma gli esseri umani in “risorse umane” piegate e deformate per renderle adatte ai bisogni delle grandi imprese, per farne macchine burocratiche obbedienti e acritiche. Il sistema stradale locale, promosso dall’industria automobilistico-stradale e da quella immobiliare, serve principalmente a trasformare l’automobile in una necessità per la povera gente, che un tempo avrebbe usato i piedi, la bicicletta o il tram per andare al lavoro o a fare la spesa.</p>
<p>Quanto alla “difesa nazionale”, il suo scopo principale è l’imposizione del dominio corporativo su tutto il pianeta. Tra “difesa”, ruolo militare dalla Nasa e della Sicurezza Nazionale, e debiti delle guerre del passato, i militari (in pratica, poliziotti a noleggio che terrorizzano il mondo per costringerlo ad accettare il dominio corporativo) prendono più della metà del bilancio americano.</p>
<p>Questo è il genere di “civiltà” che stiamo finanziando.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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		<title>&#8220;Tax Day: What Kind of &#8216;Civilization&#8217; Are We Paying For?&#8221; on C4SS Media</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26735</link>
		<comments>http://c4ss.org/content/26735#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2014 19:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[James Tuttle]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[C4SS Media presents Kevin Carson&#8216;s “Tax Day: What Kind of “Civilization” Are We Paying For?” read by James Tuttle and edited by Nick Ford. Even if government did tax the plutocracy at 100% and give it back to the public in the form of some kind of guaranteed income, it would be utterly stupid. It would just be...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>C4SS Media presents <a title="Posts by Kevin Carson" href="http://c4ss.org/content/author/kevin-carson" rel="author">Kevin Carson</a>&#8216;s “<a href="http://c4ss.org/content/26351" target="_blank">Tax Day: What Kind of “Civilization” Are We Paying For?</a>” read by James Tuttle and edited by Nick Ford.</p>
<p><iframe width="500" height="375" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XRMrFkLf9X0?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>
<p>Even if government did tax the plutocracy at 100% and give it back to the public in the form of some kind of guaranteed income, it would be utterly stupid. It would just be taking with one hand and giving back with the other, eating up half the money in administrative costs. Far more sensible would be for the state to simply stop helping the rich rob us in the first place: Abolish patents and copyrights, absentee titles to unimproved land, entry barriers for small businesses, regulatory constraints on self-employment and home-based businesses that compete with brick-and-mortar establishments, and the like. But you know the state&#8217;s not going to do that, because enforcing an exploitative system of power is what it DOES.</p>
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		<title>15 Aprile: Il Finanziamento dell’Impero</title>
		<link>http://c4ss.org/content/26404</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2014 11:00:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Grant A. Mincy]]></dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[In America il 15 aprile, giorno della dichiarazione dei redditi, è una celebrazione. In questo giorno noi cittadini siamo orgogliosi di stare assieme in una società democratica e di prendere le decisioni cooperando tra noi. I frutti del nostro sudore, sotto l’occhio vigile della IRS (il fisco americano, ndt), sono distribuiti tra la società, edificano...]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In America il 15 aprile, giorno della dichiarazione dei redditi, è una celebrazione. In questo giorno noi cittadini siamo orgogliosi di stare assieme in una società democratica e di prendere le decisioni cooperando tra noi. I frutti del nostro sudore, sotto l’occhio vigile della IRS (il fisco americano, <i>ndt</i>), sono distribuiti tra la società, edificano il sogno collettivo di una unione più completa… un dollaro fiscale alla volta.</p>
<p>Ok, ok, niente di più lontano dalla verità.</p>
<p>La triste verità sul 15 aprile è che la stragrande maggioranza del gettito va alle spese militari passate, presenti e future. La <a href="http://https://www.warresisters.org/federalpiechart">War Resisters League</a> ha trascorso tanto tempo a studiare il gettito federale, con risultati più che seri.</p>
<p>Il gettito destinato alla spesa militare comprende 584 miliardi dell’enorme bilancio del Dipartimento della Difesa. Altri 202 miliardi circa vanno ad altri settori della difesa. In totale 786 miliardi per operazioni militari correnti. Se si aggiungono i 47 miliardi per le “Operazioni Contingenti Oltremare” di Obama (proseguimento della “Guerra al Terrore” di Bush), si arriva a 833 miliardi per operazioni in corso. Altri 521 miliardi sono usati per le spese militari del passato. Con questo debito di guerra arriviamo a 1.400 miliardi di dollari.</p>
<p>Ma il conteggio non si ferma qui. Il Dipartimento degli Interni, che si è fatto un (triste) nome con la sicurezza aeroportuale, ha <a href="http://https://www.aclu.org/militarization">militarizzato i dipartimenti di polizia</a> di tutto il paese fin dall’inizio. La <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/">guerra alla droga</a> non sembra rallentare (anche se fioriscono <a href="http://www.drugpolicy.org/marijuana-legalization-and-regulation">sacche di resistenza</a>). Produzione di armi, droni, prigioni, macchine da guerra, mantenimento di arsenali nucleari in grado di mettere fine alla civiltà umana diverse volte (distruggere la terra una volta basta mica)… l’elenco si allunga continuamente.</p>
<p>Il 47% circa del gettito fiscale va alle risorse umane: finalmente prendiamo posto a tavola! Ma non dimenticate che quando i “troppo grandi per fallire” sono nei guai è sicuro che i soldi andranno a loro, non alla popolazione. Mr. Smith chiude bottega, le famiglie perdono la casa, ma l’élite economica è salva. Invece di ridistribuire il gettito tra le persone, i soldi delle tasse vanno a proteggere gli interessi economici dello stato. Il primo salvataggio fatto dall’amministrazione Bush è costato ai contribuenti americani 700 miliardi… e la spesa continua.</p>
<p>Quello che per gli americani è una priorità, come una comunità sicura e pulita, un ambiente pulito, infrastrutture, scuole, ricerca e altro, perde importanza di fronte alla potenza economica e militare dell’impero americano.</p>
<p>Il giorno della dichiarazione dei redditi non è il giorno della cooperazione; è il giorno della beffa. È il giorno in cui ci ricordiamo che lo stato azzoppa il potenziale umano. Serve a ricordare che lo stato è un ostacolo permanente al mercato risorgente. È il giorno in cui ci ricordiamo degli orrori e dei costi della pianificazione centrale.</p>
<p>Il libertarismo offre una soluzione. Immaginate un sistema socio-economico messo su da esseri umani liberati; istituzioni alternative create dall’autogoverno e dalla libera associazione. Le possibilità dell’umanità sono enormi. Neanche possiamo immaginare l’effetto che il <a href="http://c4ss.org/content/25048">talento libero</a> e il lavoro autonomo avrebbero sul progresso e sull’edificazione della società.</p>
<p>Una cosa è certa: Non è negli interessi dell’uomo liberato morire per lo stato; una società senza stato non sprecherebbe risorse immani in guerre.</p>
<p><a href="http://pulgarias.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">Traduzione di Enrico Sanna</a>.</p>
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